Biography
In his youth, Martin Heidegger could become a church believers, but preference to philosophy. He became famous as the author of the works on phenomenology and hermeneutics, which remain in demand so far.Childhood and youth
Martin Heidegger was born on September 26, 1889 in the German city of Miskirch. He was a senior child in the family of a poor chickens, who tried to raise children in the spirit of Catholicism. The boy has grown together with the younger sister Maria and Brother Friedrich.
Another Martin began to serve as a church, where the pastor, who helped to get a scholarship in Constore, drew attention to the talented student. Later, the young man settled in the Episcopian seminary in Freiburg, where she was going to take a victim and join the Order of Jesuits, but was forced to leave the monastery due to heart problems.
Then Heidegger decided to become a student of the Freiburg University, where I mastered theology. During this period, the guy read a lot, studying the philosophical treatises and works of ancient thinkers, because of what he had doubts about the correctness of the selected path.
This led to the fact that Martin was moved away from the church and ideas of Catholicism, later becoming a student of the Philosophy. It was necessary to interrupt their studies due to the appeal to the front, but because of health problems, it turned out to be unsuitable for service on the front line and was a burden of rear.
After the return, the young man defended the second doctoral dissertation and got a job in the University of Freiburg, where he read lectures on theological faculty. But since Heidegger was increasingly distinguished from the ideals of Catholicism, he decided to translate to the University of Marburg, in which he taught the following few years.
Personal life
In his youth, the thinker married his student Elfried Petri, who gave birth to the sons of Jorga and German. After Martin's death, the details of the personal lives of spouses who give rise to suggest that they lived in the so-called open marriage.Hydegger knew that the biological father of his youngest son was Elfried's childhood friend, but brought up Herman as a native. In turn, a man was in a romantic relationship with his friend's wife Elizabeth Blokhmann, as well as with his student Khannaya rent.
Philosophy
The philosophical views of the scientist partly developed under the influence of Edmund Gusserly, with whom he met in Freiburg University. In his first book, which was called "Genesis and Time", the author uses some elements of the Gusserly phenomenology, but at the same time sets out his own thoughts about knowledge (gnoseology).
The key concept in the philosophy of the thinker is dasein, which is described as a human being in the world. It is available only in the aspect of the experience, but not knowledge and is not subject to rational explanation.
Since, according to a scientist, being is stored in the language, you need a new way to understand it. Thus, Hydegger developed the direction of ontological hermeneutics, which would allow to understand being intuitively, to reveal its mysterious content without using the methods of analysis and reflection.
The publication of "Genesis and Time" was successful, and already in 1928 the author was able to change Gusserly in the chair of the Philosophy of the University of Freiburg University. The first lecture, a man devoted the concept of metaphysics, in the disclosure of which was largely focused on the ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche. Later, he even dedicated to him publishing called Nietzsche and emptiness.
The articles and books of the author, published in subsequent years, were equally popular, among which "extension", "Hegelev Phenomenology of the Spirit" and "The Question of Technology", where the main ideas of Martin's philosophy are revealed.
However, their readability was partly influenced by the dubious reputation of the scientist, which entrenched him after the arrival of the Nazis headed by Adolf Hitler. Heidegger received the post rector of the University of Freiburg, joined the NSDAP and said several speeches, which make it possible to make an assumption of his support for Nazi ideals.
In favor of this, records in the "black notebooks", in which researchers of the male biography discovered anti-Semitic statements. In 1934, he unexpectedly resigned from the rector's post, and after the war he was removed from the teaching due to suspicion of adherence to the ideas of Nazism.
The ban was removed only in 1951, after which the man managed to recover as a professor. Shortly before that, he published a letter to humanism, which was explained by philosophical ideas for French readers.
Death
The philosopher died on May 26, 1976, the cause of death was weakened health. According to Hydegger's will, they buried the cemetery in his native placers. In memory of it, books and photos are preserved.Quotes
- "Vigilance is an ominous guest, which will meet everywhere in today's world, because today the knowledge of everything and everything is available so fast and cheaply that the next instant the resulting time is also hasty and forgotten."
- "Why are we meaning great? Because we are small and wish to overcome our littleness. "
- "Every question is joy, every answer is loss."
- "Nietzsche one progress" today's situation "and was able to see her - because he had gladly looked into something else."
- "Failure does not take away. Failure gives. Gives an inexhaustible force of simplicity. "
Bibliography
- 1921 - "Phenomenological interpretations of Aristotle"
- 1927 - "Genesis and Time"
- 1927 - "The main problems of phenomenology"
- 1929 - "Kant and the problem of metaphysics"
- 1929 - "The basic concepts of metaphysics"
- 1935 - "The source of art creation"
- 1935 - "Hegel"
- 1936 - "Explains to Helderlin Poetry"
- 1936 - Nietzsche and emptiness
- 1952 - "What is called thinking?"