Biography
On April 7, 2020, 35 years old since the death of Karl Schmitt - a man who is obliged to science of constitutional law. He was called a crowned lawyer of the Third Reich, the figure is no less scandalous than Martin Heidegger, an opponent of liberal democracy and a Catholic fascist who allowed themselves anti-Semitic statements. But with all personal shortcomings, he remained the most important state theorist and the famous lawyer who defended the interests of Germany in the courts.Childhood and youth
July 11, 1888 in Plettenberg, Schmitt's spouses were born a second of five heirs - Son Karl. There is no additional information about the biography of the father and the mother, except that the head of the large family was engaged in medical insurance. Subsequently, the boy was given to the Catholic pension of Attendorn, where he visited the state gymnasium. To acquire the certificate of maturity, a graduate, who had a clear literary talent, planned to continue education in the field of philology.
However, on the Council of the Uncle, the young man has changed the plans and began to be interested in jurisprudence. In 1907, he came to Berlin, where he entered the University of Friedrich Wilhelm (later - Humboldt). But after 12 months, felt strong rejection of the world of the big city, found himself in the capital of the federal land of Bavaria. Stay here also turned out to be short-lived - as a result, the guy became a student at University of Strasbourg.
With the last university, the relationship was much better - in 1910, the doctoral dissertation "On the fault and its species" was defended under the leadership of Fritian Van Calker. After 5 years, Carl passed the exam for the position of Assesor, with success, introducing work entitled "State value and identity value".
The first world world war influenced the views of the future of the famous lawyer. In 1915, Schmitt signed up by a volunteer in the Bavarian Infantry Leibe Regiment in Munich. However, the front eventually did not have the opportunity: soon he was sent to the deputy head of the headquarters of the 1st Bavarian Army Corps.
Personal life
In 1915, Schmitt had "love during the war" - a man married Pavel Dorothic (Kari), who issued himself for the Spanish dancer. As a result, after the scandalous incident, it turned out that the woman was a simple adventurer. By decision of the Bonn District Court, the marriage was annulled in 1924.The following year, Karl took his former student in his wife - Serbka Dushku Todorovich. The church permission to divorce with the previous spouse did not provide, so right up to death of the second chosen in the 1950s, the man was susceptible to excommunication. In 1931, joyful changes took place in the personal life of the couple - the only daughter of Anima, who the father survived for 2 years appeared.
Science and creativity
The thinker practiced in writing literary writings and even planned to release the cycle of poems, was tried in journalism, taught in several educational institutions. The latter includes the Munich Higher School of Trade, where he met with Max Weber. 1919 marked the beginning of the fruitful period of Carl's creativity, having come for the time of the formation of the Weimar Republic, "political romanticism and dictatorship" appeared on the world.
Experts also allocate the Bonnie (since 1922) and Berlin (since 1928), when work was published, brought by the author world fame and scientific reputation. Among them are "Political Theology", "Roman Catholicism and a Political Form", the "spiritual and historical state of modern parliamentarism", "the concept of political", "the doctrine of the Constitution", "Guard (Garant) of the Constitution", "Legality and legitimacy".
Along with interest in the state and constitutional law, the author's publication concerned such disciplines as sociology, theology, German philology and philosophy. Karl created the terms and concepts included even in everyday use: political reality, distinguishing a friend and enemy, delayed compromise, legality - legitimacy, guarantor of the Constitution.
Before the Nazis came to power, he criticized their activities, believing that they were threatened with an existing constitutional order, and at a certain point spoke for a full ban on the participation of this party in political life. However, on May 1, 1933, a man joined NSDAP. There are several reasons for this - and the opportunity to influence the future development of the country, and the usual instinct of self-preservation.
Despite the anti-Semitic statements and the protection of Adolf Hitler in the case of the murder of opponents during the "night of long knives", the SS considered the lawyer an adventurer, and his hostile attitude towards the Jews was presented. After that, Karl left the post of Reichsführera, although he retained the position of Professor in Berlin and the title of Prussian State Council.
On April 30, 1945, Schmitt was arrested by Soviet troops, but he was released immediately after a short interrogation. On September 26, the Americans took the theorist into custody, released in October 1946. After 6 months, Carl was again imprisoned from March 29 to May 13, 1947. By the end of the year he was freed from civil service without any benefits, and later from academic activities. At the same time, the philosopher did not refuse his anti-Semitic statements and views.
In the 1950s, the bibliography replenished "NOMOS Earth" - a geopolitical concept consisting in the "relationship between the people of the people of earthly space and the peculiarities of the state, the whole social device and the right." In 1956 - Hamlet or Hubab, a popular product in the field of literary criticism, in the 1963rd partisan theory, conceived as a rethinking "concept of political".
Death
By the end of the long life, Karl, who did not reach the 100th anniversary of just 4 years, was observed cerebral sclerosis, provoked paranoid inclinations. A man, for example, it seemed that he was pursued by sound waves and voices. On April 7, 1985, at Easter, the famous lawyer and the theologian died in the evangelical hospital in his native Plettenberg. Death has come for natural reasons.Bibliography
- 1910 - "About the fault and types of guilt. Terminological examination "
- 1912 - "Law and judgment. Study of the Problem of Legal Practice "
- 1914 - "State value and the importance of personality"
- 1919 - "Political Romanticism"
- 1921 - "Dictatorship: from the sources of the modern idea of sovereignty to the proletarian class struggle"
- 1922 - "Political theology"
- 1923 - "State and political form"
- 1927 - "The concept of political"
- 1934 - "State Device and Collapse of the Second Reich"
- 1938 - "Leviathan in the teaching about the state of Thomas Gobbs"
- 1942 - "Earth and the sea. A look at the world history "
- 1950 - "Nomos Earth"
- 1954 - "Conversation about power and access to the sovereign"
- 1956 - "Hamlet or Hekaba"
- 1960 - "Tirani of Values"
- 1963 - "Partisan theory: Intermediate remark about the concept of political"