Biography
In 2015, the painting of Haim Soutine from the series "Bull Towsers" at the Cristiesie's auction left the hammer for the amount of more than $ 28 million. Paints are called Jewish (by the nationality of parents) and Belarusian (in the country of origin) by the artist. However, most researchers include the works of Haima to the Paris School of Painting.Childhood and youth
Early soutine biography is full of ambiguities. The researchers of the life and creativity of the artist argue about the birth date of Haima, about the profession and the name of his father (according to the same way, the man worked by a tailor, and according to the other - the service in the synagogue).
Two facts are indisputable: the future painter was the tenth of 11 children born in the Sutin family, and, like all siblings of this surname, appeared in the town (small town) Smilovichi near Minsk. Most biographers converge on the fact that Haim was born in January 1893.
As a child, the future artist challenged hunger and beatings. From constant malnutrition, the boy developed a stomach ulcer, from which Haim suffered all his life. Orthodox Judaism, confiscated by the sutin and their neighbors, forbade the plastic image of people and animals. The passion of Haima to drawing was not a yard.
At the age of 14, the teenager ran away from Smilovichi in Minsk. He lived with random earnings and studied in the drawing school Yakov Krugoe, where he became friends with a co-like-minded person - the son of the contractor Mikhail Kikoin.
Money on moving to Vilna's friends appeared after Soutin wrote a portrait of a butcher coming to a relative Rabbi. The image did not like the man, and he beat Haima. The minister of the cult in order to lean the incident, paid the juvenile compensation. In the center of the Vilen Province, Sutin and Kikoin studied in the drawing school of Ivan Trutnev, 5 years before this recognized as the best in Russia.
In the last pre-war year, Soutin arrived in Paris and settled in the "ulle" - a hostel of young artists on Montparnasse. According to the memoirs of Kikicina, reaching France for a year to a friend, Haim slept on a wooden shirma tied to two chairs. However, in the warm season, the inhabitants of the "hive" preferred to sleep on the street: bugs were ramp indoors.
In the same hostel there lived a native of Vitebsk Mark Chagal, but the relationship between him and Sutin did not work out. On the life of Haim earned, unloading wagons with fish.
The young man came to study in the studio of Fernana Kormon at the Academy of Arts. The painter, who worked in the genre of realism, was liberally treated with young colleagues, without requiring novice artists, neither examinations or knowledge of French. Cormon was blocked by the pictures of the applicant and decided to enroll.
However, at the Academy of Arts, Him turned out to be a challenge student. The hummist did not like the sketches and copy the work of the masters.
This formation Sutin gave Louvre. The young man's museum endlessly adopted the painting of predecessors and contemporaries. Rembrandt's favorite artist was Rembrandt, whose picture "Beef Tusk" Sutin reproduced many times.
Since the beginning of World War I, Soutine and Kikoina were credited to the employment army: young people from the Russian Empire ringed trenches. However, Haima was exposed to health. At the Renault plant in the manufacture of shells, he damaged finger and was finally demobilized.
Soon, the friendship of Haima with Amedeo Modigliani, which in 1920 interrupted the end of the Italian Cefardian origin in 1920. The cause of the death of the artist-expressionist was tuberculous meningitis.
Modigliani managed to write a portrait of a soutine, on which a native of Smilovichi looks more attractive than on a self-portrait. Amedeo Svethe Khaima with the patron of Leopold Zborovsky, who began to buy the work of the lanky, obsessed with painting guy. In 1922, 52 of the artist's canvases acquired the American collector Albert Barnes.
Personal life
Most of the life of Him lived in poverty. The emerging funds from the sale of paintings were quickly spent both south and his buddies, and hungry times were returned. He was untidy, suffered to nervous tick, had bad teeth and disproportionately small arms.According to the memories of contemporaries, the artist usually confronted women and shy to talk to the girls and ladies. Nevertheless, individual information about the personal life of Sutin is preserved.
The first love of the guy became Deborah Melnik, who dreamed of a singer's career in the opera theater. However, an attempt to get acquainted with the girl was not crowned with success.
It was more successful for Haim. Communication with the daughter of Rafelkes Vilensky's doctor, inviting poor parishioners of the synagogues to her home to dine. Soutin made an offer to the girl, she refused indignantly. To ride a heart wound Haima, the father of Beauty paid the artist tickets to Paris.
The simulators who found for Soutine Modigliani, were clarified in Paris loneliness of the native of Smilovichi. Amedeo addicted Haima to drinking: Once the Parisian's body was discovered in the garbage tank and accepted him for the corpse. The artist was alive, but the dead is drunk.
Already becoming famous, Haim met in Paris Deboor Melnik and twisted the novel with her. In 1925, a woman gave birth to daughter Amy. Soutin did not recognize paternity - argued that Deborah had slept with all Mongparnas, and there could be no children due to a venereal disease at all. When Amy grew, became the artist and the work signed the name of Sutin.
In 1930, the history of Hhaima was repeated in the parody version. The artist fell in love with Marie-Zelin - the daughter of Art History Eli Fora, relate to Sutin as a son and considered the artist by a genius. Due to the refusal of the girl, the relationship of the painter with the former was smashed.
After the death of the Zborovsky man patronized the spouses Madeleine and Marinelen Kasten. Haim 5 times from May to September lived in the estate of the secured couple.
In 1937, Sutin met the main love of his life - the German red-haired Jewish hand of the grotto, which fled to France to avoid the persecution of the Nazis. By the time of their meeting, Haim looked at the skeleton, any meal of food caused a painting spasm in the stomach. Gerda 3 years combined for the artist's role, mother and guardian - sutin the sutine decorals and drove through doctors.
The Americans invited Haima to move to the country of freedom, but the man refused. According to the artist, in the United States there were no interesting trees for drawing.
In 1940, Gerdu was sent to Specialist in Pyrenees. While the girlfriend of Haima was in conclusion, Madeleine Casten brought Soutine with an aristocrat of Marie-Berth Oransh, who became the last woman in the life of the painter.
Painting
In portraits, landscapes and even still lifes sutin, despair sway. Fish and hares in the paintings of Haim are not just dead, and the sadists are killed, which can be seen through the frozen expression of suffering on their muzzles. If Vladimir Putin kissed the caught pike before sending production to the ear, then Soutin before to eat herring, he had definitely sketch.
To drawing Haim treated as the only possible form of existence. I painted often scored - without sketches. When creating crafts for each paint from the sutin palette, used a separate brush.
However, the artist often destroyed his paintings - ruptured in shreds or burned. In the days of wealth, Haim missed his early works to confuse them.
Interest in the works of the native of Smilovichi and the prices of them are constantly growing. The Eva Southess, acquired in 2012, "Belgazprombank" at Sotheby's auction for $ 1.8 million, became the most expensive picture stored in the Republic of Belarus. Bankers-patrons also returned to this country a number of works Mark Stegal and Lion Baksta. At the turn of 2017 and 2018, the exhibition "Haim Sutin" took place in Moscow in the State Museum of Fine Arts. Retrospective. "
Death
In 1943, sutin aggravated the ulcer disease. The opinions of the doctors of the hospital of the town of Richelieu, where Haim was hiding from the persecution of the Nazis, about the need for the operation was divided. The artist for conspiracy was put in a catatball and were lucky to Paris. The French capital traveled two days, near the Nordan region. On August 9, the man died from the trimming ulcers, which pulled into the peritonitis.A few people were attended at the funeral of the artist, including Pablo Picasso and breakdown in Paris on fake Gerd documents. Soutine's grave is located on the Montparnasse cemetery.
At the small homeland of the painter, in Smilovichi, in 2008 the Museum "Space Khaim Sutin" was opened. In 2009, Mikhail Herman Him Sutin was published in the Russian Emigration Artists series.
Paintings
- 1917 - "Red Gladiolus in Vase"
- 1919 - "Red Gladiolus"
- 1919 - "Little confectioner"
- 1921 - "Still Life with herring"
- 1922 - "Road to Mount"
- 1923 - "Still life with a skate"
- 1924 - "Bull Tusk"
- 1924 - "Woman in Red"
- 1924 - "Woman in Pink"
- 1924 - "Red Dress"
- 1929 - "Rustic Square, Vensen"
- 1931 - "Woman entering water"
- 1933 - "Fish"
- 1943 - "Return from school after a thunderstorm"
- 1943 - "Autumn trees, champigny"