Biography
The name of Marshal Soviet Union Boris Shaposhnikova is inextricably linked with the heroic history of the country. Having dedicated to the life of the army business in the days of Tsarist Russia, the man was held the first world, civil and Great Patriotic War, becoming an outstanding theorist and warlord, a master in operational-strategic issues.Childhood and youth
Marshal was born on September 20, 1882 in the city of Zlatoust in the family of Mikhail Petrovich and Pelagei Kuznichnaya Shaposhnikov. The father was a leaving from the Don Cossacks, and the bread mined, serving managers at factories and warehouses. The mother came from the county race and worked at school - taught children. The head of the family managed to be in marriage three times, where he had a total of 11 children, of which survived 8. The salary in 100 royal rubles covered the cost of their content, and the man even managed to scatter on a two-storey house.
In his youth, Boris did not think about a military career, and learn went to the industrial school first in Krasnoufimsk, and then in Perm. Having received secondary education by 1899, the guy began to work at the wine warehouse in Belebey, where the father served. However, the point of the younger Publizer did not satisfy the ambitions of a young man who dreamed of a more outstanding field.
The first attempt to enter the UNCER school was not crowned with success: Shaposhnikov could not undergo a competition due to illness. In 1901, Boris were enrolled in the Moscow Alekseevsky Infantry School, which he graduated 2 years later in the rank of a pitch. So the army career of a man began, who became an outstanding military leader of his time.
Having touched the crash experience, 1907 Boris entered the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff in St. Petersburg. The study there turned out to be difficult: through strict discipline, difficult crowded lectures and the dense flow of objects were filled with more than half of the course. Shaposhnikov not only remained in a number of persistent students, but also graduated from the Academy among the first, who won on the graduation building in 1910, the handshake of the emperor Nicholas II.
Personal life
Shaposhnikov recalls both a person's workable, immaculately educated, intellectually and culturally developed. He stretched to literature and art and his wife had chosen from the opera singers. 19-year-old Maria Alexandrovna Vyukova married Boris Mikhailovich in 1918. The woman gave birth to her husband of Son Igor, but a personal life did not prevent her career to build her - almost 20 years she was a soloist of the Bolshoi Theater.The son went in the footsteps of the Father and took up military affairs. The man was reached by China Lieutenant General and became a professor who headed the Department of the Military Academy of the General Staff. Like a father, he tied his life with the artist - his spouse fame graduated from Schukinsky school and worked in Moscow theaters.
Military Career
The military biography of Shaposhnikov started in the royal army, where he began serving an officer of the Turkestan Military District. At the beginning of the First World War, Boris fought on the south-western front, received a contusion, but continued participation in hostilities in the North-West and Northern fronts, where the way from the adjutant was held before the head of the headquarters. By the end of the war, the man had a rank rank and held the post of chief of the Caucasian Grenadier Division.
During the years of the Civil War, Shaposhnikov decided to join the Red Army, in a number of which served as the head of the Deposit, was directives and orders, developed the plans of military campaigns and planned a strategy of the defeat of the army of General Anton Denikin.
In peacetime, Boris Mikhailovich worked in the Military Districts of Leningrad and Moscow, having reached the rank of the head of the RKKA High Staff. Becoming in 1940 by the Marshal of the Soviet Union, the second world war, the warlord began in the Evacuation Council. Then he was engaged in the countertime strategy of the Soviet Army in late 1941 - early 1942.
Marshal Alexander Vasilevsky replaced Shaposhnikov at the post of chief of the General Staff in the spring of 1942, after which Boris Mikhailovich worked in the management of the Defense Committee and headed the Academy of General Staff.
Death
Marshal did not survive 44 days before the end of the Great Patriotic War. Making a significant contribution to victory, Boris Mikhailovich could not celebrate her celebration, daring on March 26, 1945. The cause of death was cancer stomach. The newsreel and the photo are preserved, where on Red Square, Joseph Stalin first carries urn with the ashes of Shaposhnikov to the grave. In memory of the warlord was given salute in 24 volley from 124 guns. His remains rest in the Kremlin Wall of Moscow.Saving a peaceful sky for children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and subsequent generations, Marshal remained in history as an outstanding strategist, the author of the books and the owner of numerous awards. His Peru owns the three-volume "Army Brain" - outstanding work on the leadership of military actions. The image of a man is captured in cinema, where he repeatedly performed Bruno Freindlich ("Battle for Moscow" and other films).
Awards
- 1914 - the Order of St. Anne 4th degree
- 1914 - the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with swords and a bow
- 1916 - Order of St. Stanislav 3rd degree with swords and bow
- 1916 - the Order of St. Anne 3rd degree with swords and a bow
- 1916 - Order of St. Anne 2nd degree with swords
- 1921, 1944 - 2 Orders of the Red Banner
- 1939, 1942, 1945 - 3 Order of Lenin
- 1934, 1938 - 2 Orders of the Red Star
- 1938 - Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasant Red Army"
- 1944 - Order of Suvorov I degree
- 1944 - Medal "For the Defense of Moscow"