Biography
Despite the short life, in the biography of Leonid Golikov's guerrilla, many white spots. Some of them are due to loss in wartime documents, and part of the desire of propagandists make the feat of a young fighter with the fascists even more impressive. In the Soviet times, Golikova, along with Shany, the Czech, Zina Portorova and Marat Casem called the peer hero.Childhood and youth
During the partisan actions, the namesake of the Hero of the Civil War, who gained fame as the writer Arkady Gaidar, could not be a pioneer. According to the Regulations on the Children's Communist Organization, it was the members of schoolchildren between the ages of 9 and 14, and the brave native of Novgorodchin 5 days before the attack of the German troops on the USSR turned 15 years.
In addition to Leonid, which appeared in June 1926, his parents of Catherine and Alexander presented the lives of two daughters. According to one source, both sisters were older than the boy, according to another - Lenya was a middle child, and Lida - younger.
The childhood of the future hero of war ended early. Father of the family who lived in the village of Lukino in a pair of tens of kilometers from the city of Old Russ, became disabled: Alexander Golikov, who worked by a twinker who distinguished the forest on the rivers of the Novgorod land, fell into ice water and fell. Therefore, after the 7th grade of Lenya, it was harvested on a plywood plant in the neighboring Parfino village.
Feat
In August 1941, Parfino and the surroundings were occupied by German troops. By March 1942, the Malaya Motherland Golikova returned to the control of Soviet troops. The Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement began to form on the liberated territory of the brigade of the saboteurs to fork in the German rear. The division was taken by former partisans and volunteers.Leonid's candidacy was at first rejected: the guy was too young. However, the former school teacher Golikova instructed the teenager, and he was taken into a detachment.
First, the partisans were instructed by Lena economic operations like billets of twigs and cooking soup. But the active young man rushed into battle, and gradually Leonid began to trust responsible tasks - intelligence, undermining bridges in the enemy's rear, support of the favors with food in a deposited Leningrad.
In the summer of 1942, the young partisan distinguished himself in two operations and received the first combat award - the medal "Over the courage". In one of them, Golikov destroyed three Nazis from the top five, enthusiastically collecting honey at the apiary. In another, heavily wounding General Richard von Virtsz, he captured a portfolio with secret documents. Information about the further fate of the fascist commander diverge. Von Virts Die Died from the Russian Academy of Sciences, or lived to the capture by American troops in 1945.
Death
Leonid Golikova's life path broke off at the end of January 1943 in the village of Outrashiy Luka of the Deadovichsky district of the Pskov region. The cause of the death of a brave young man was a combat wound. On April 2, 1944, the partisan posthumously assigned the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Leonid's grave is located on the spot of his death, but the monuments of the fighter with the occupiers are in Moscow and Yoshkar-Ola, Tolyatti and Evpatoria. Street Lena Golikov in St. Petersburg connects strikes of the strikes and folk militia.
The first writer who described the feats of Golikov was the correspondent of the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper in Leningrad Anatoly Wakhov. In the book "Nine Fearless" about the heroes-Komsomol members of the North-West of the USSR, the author dedicated to Leonid. An authentic picture of a young partisan, made in the rear of the enemy, was published in the publication.
However, in the encyclopedias of the following years, a completely different photo was published in the articles about Golikov, in which Lenya did not look like a strong young man, but an infantile student of middle classes. The fact is that immediately after the death of the hero to Catherine Golikova came correspondents with a request to tell about the son and give his portrait. Photo Leonid in the family did not turn out. Then journalists had a soldier shape on the sister partisan Lidia and a snapshot of disguised relatives issued a hero behind the photo.
The book Vakhova was seized from shops and libraries, because the author mentioned as organizers of the partisan movement of the party and Soviet leaders repressed for the "Leningrad case". When the writer Yuri Kolikov began to create an artistic work about Golikov, he only had a photo of the Lady in the image of Lena and made the hero of the war under 2 years. So the Komsomolets of Golikov turned into a pioneer.
The story about Leonid included in his collection "Young heroes of the Great Patriotic" and the writer Anna Pecherskaya. Seven-minute native of Novgorodchin filmed in the genre of sandy animation.
Awards
- 1942 - Medal "Beam"
- 1944 - Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously
- The order of Lenin
- Order of the Red Banner
- Medal "Partiz of Patriotic War" II degree