Biography
Sergey Rubinstein is the first psychologist who was awarded the election by the Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The merit of Sergey Leonidovich is the synthesis of science of psychology and philosophy, the creation of the theory of activity (activity approach). His work "Basics of General Psychology" in 1942 was awarded the Stalinist Prize.Childhood and youth
The scientist was born in June 1889 in Odessa in the family of lawyer Leonid (Lazari) Rubinstein and his wife Polina. Sergey had three brothers, the greatest fame of which was from which Nikolai received, writing a textbook "Russian historiography".
In his youth, the head of the family was friends with Georgy Plekhanov, and Odessa intelligents were often gathered in Rubinstein's house. However, the falnial moods and conversations of the friends of Father Sergey are painful. The psychologist wrote about this in sketches to the autobiography. Marxism was interested in the young man as a guide to action, but as one of the many philosophical systems. The idea of the expropriation of expropriates of the proprietary family was negative.
In 19 years, Sergey with a gold medal graduated from the prestigious Richelian gymnasium. However, in Novorossiysk (Odessa), the university of the medalist refused, since it believed that the children of Nouveurish were mainly studying in this university.
The choice of gifted young man fell on the University of Freiburg. However, after 2 semesters, Odessa was transferred to the University of Marburg, founded in 1527 by Philip generous. Soon after the protection of Sergey doctoral thesis, the First World War began.
Rubinstein returned to Odessa and began to teach in the gymnasiums of the Black Sea city. In 30 years, with the assistance of Nikolay Lange, Sergey Leonidovich became a private professor of the university rejected by him in his youth. University by 1919 began to be called the Odessa Institute of National Education.
Personal life
The latitude of the soul of Sergei Leonidovich was manifested in the fact that philosophers and psychologists of Lion Vygotsky, Alexander Luria, Gregory Roginsky, whose views did not share the views, he invited lectures and conferences. Friends of the native Odessa were director Sergey Eisenstein and physiologist Leon Orbelli.Human qualities of Rubinstein were most revealed during the blockade of Leningrad. Odessans moved to the city on Neva in 1930 and immediately headed the Department of Psychology of the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute named after Alexander Herzen. Sergey Leonidovich lived in a two-bedroom apartment on a garden street.
Rubinstein remained in the besieged city until March 1942, although the scientist received proposals to evacuate earlier. With a graduate student dying from hunger, the scientist shared part of a blockade soldering. The head of the security of the Institute Sergey Leonidovich asked him to teach him shooting, so that in the event of a breakthrough of the defense of Leningrad to kill Nazis (from his youth Rubinstein had bad eyesight and was captured in all photos).
Psychology
Rubinstein argued that all sides of the human person appear in relation to the individual to work, in its activities, and the infancy of fate mobilize human spiritual forces. However, only the nodal moments of the biographies of the person postpone the imprint on its character. Justifying the principle of the unity of consciousness and activity, Sergey Leonidovich put an end to the low-productive debate on the ratio of thought and behavior.
Analyzing the development of children, the psychologist allocated two stages to form a child's speech, on the first of which the baby wants to understand the meaning of the words of adults, and in the second it wishes to convey their desires and ideas to them. Sergey Leonidovich emphasized the importance of the active approach of the student to master knowledge, skills and skills.
The main works of Rubinstein remain relevant in the XXI century. Confirmation of this is the reprint of the "foundations of general psychology" by the Publishing House "AST" in 2020.
Death
In the late 40s, within the framework of the Stalinist struggle with Rubinstein's cosmopolitanism, accused of "worship to a foreigner", removed from all positions, the articles of the scientist were not printed. Sergey Leonidovich, contrary to mutual and psychological pressure, worked on the book "Being and Consciousness". In 1954, scientist restored in positions.However, the persecution was not gone for Sergey Leonidovich. In January 1960, a man died suddenly. The cause of death in Rubinstein's biographies is not specified. The scientist is buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery of Moscow.
Interesting fact: Rubinstein referred to death without fear, evidence of this - a quote from the book of the philosopher "Man and Peace":
"Two are in life beautiful pores - years of youth and completing life. Once again confused feelings. Great fracture ... "An indirect confirmation of the not established personal life Sergey Leonidovich, the lack of a man's wife and children is that in his grave after 3 years buried the ashes of Brother Nicholas. The names and years of the life of Odessans who became Muscovites are carved on the gravestone monument.
Quotes
- "There is no unlimited, exhaustive awareness."
- "The lifestyle of the monkeys determines the image of knowledgeable to them."
- "A subjective sense of understanding is a symptom that can be deceptive."
- "Consciousness is the unity of subjective and objective."
Bibliography
- 1922 - "The principle of creative amateur"
- 1934 - "Problems of psychology in the works of Karl Marx"
- 1940 - "Basics of general psychology"
- 1945 - "Ways and Achievements of Soviet Psychology"
- 1957 - "Being and Consciousness"
- 1958 - "On thinking and ways of his research"
- 1959 - "Principles and path of development of psychology"
- 1973 - "Problems of general psychology" (collection of articles of different years)
- 1973 - "Man and Peace" (written in 1958)