Biography
Tigran Petrosyan made a brilliant career in global chess sports. The Armenian player has repeatedly became the winner of large tournaments, the Champion of the USSR, conducted interesting moves and demonstrated the workshops of protection techniques. Among the rivals, the grandmaster was considered the most difficult-known chess player for the entire XX century.Childhood and youth
The world champion was born on June 17, 1929 in Tiflis. In 1943, a boy's mother died, followed, in 1944, left his life and father. The older sister of Vartush was engaged in education. By that time, Tigran had already met chess, he went to the Tbilisi Poland of Pioneers, where Archila Ebralidze was engaged in the section of the famous chess player.
In addition, the young Armenian became interested in the book of the popular player and the theorist of the Chess Art of Arona Nimentsovich "My System in practice." Kumir for Petrosyan became José Raul Kapablanka, whose gaming tactics admired the young man.
Personal life
Happiness in the personal life Tigran Vartanovich found with his wife Rona Yakovlyovna Avinezer. According to the legend, not only the future world champion, but Efim Geller, cared for the beauty. When the girl asked who of the chess players would choose, Ron replied: "Interzal will show", meaning the approaching tournament in Switzerland in 1952.At Competition, Petrosyan was the strongest. But, as a later spouse of the player admitted, they were married before the start of the Swiss contest. A couple lived in harmony, perhaps, because the woman played the chess perfectly, he understood what her husband did. Two children appeared in the family. The grandmaster wife gave the son of Vartan, as well as a couple raised the adoptive son of Mikhail.
Chess
The first victories in the biographies of the chess player came in the mid-1940s. In 1945, at the All-Union Youth Championships, the young man occupied from the 1st to the 3rd place, played both in his native Armenia and in Georgia. In 1947, he participated in the semifinals of the USSR Championship, where he managed to fulfill the norm of the Master of Sports. In the competition of 1948, Petrosyan's opponent performed Henry Kasparyan's experienced grandmaster, who gave way to a young athlete.
In the country's championship in 1949, Tigran was able to enter the final and took 16th place. In 1950 he moved to Moscow, where he continued to engage in chess sports. At the capital championships, the Armenian player showed brilliant results, first occupied the third, and later the first step of the podium podium.
Uspekhius allowed to participate in the 1952 Interzone Tournament in Switzerland, where he became a medalist. From that time, the chess player regularly traveled to international competitions.
In 1962, Petrosyan won the tournament of applicants, which gave him the opportunity to fight with Mikhail Botvinnik himself, the first Soviet world champion. In this sign of the match, Armenian beat the opponent. In 1966, Tigran fought in the match for the world championship with Boris Spassky, and in 1969 lost to the same player.
In parallel with the "solo" games of the chess player in the team of the USSR team participated in the chess Olympiads, bringing the country new victories. From the late 1950s to the mid-1970s, the athlete was 9 times the winner. Grandmaster has repeatedly won the European Command Championship. In 1970, he was among the players of the Match of the Century, held in Belgrade.
During the sports Carter Petrosyan often put records. For example, six USSR Championships passed for Armenian without a single defeat. In the early 1960s, American physicist Arpad Elo has developed a system of counting the individual coefficients of chess players. The first list, compiled on this system in 1964, was headed by Tigran Vartanovich and Bobby Fisher.
According to ELO ratings for several years, the Soviet player entered the six of the best chess players in the world. The rivals appreciated Petrosyan for the original style, which combined the accurate calculation and fine intuition. The man showed himself as an excellent strategist who knows how to calculate for several dozen moves forward.
The champion preferred to conduct party positions, not risking. Thanks to the "sense of danger," other chess players called this manner, Tigran Vartanovich in the 1962 tournaments turned out to be an absolute winner. He repeatedly emphasized in an interview that he loves more than attacking. Often, in the game, Armenian used the reception called "The Debut of Ferrian Peshki".
Death
In the early 80s, the chess player learned that he was severely sick. Grandmaster died on August 13, 1984. The cause of death was cancer stomach. The tomb of the player is located on the Armenian cemetery in Moscow.After the care of Petrosyan from life, in 2006, a monument was established in Yerevan. In honor of the multiple winner in Armenia also released stamps with his portrait. History has kept and many photos of the wizard.
Memory
- Central House of Chesswrist Armenia named after Petrosyanai
- Petrosyan Street in Yerevan
- Chess club of trade unions in Moscow
- Memorial Plank at home in Tbilisi, where Petrosyan lived
- Command Youth and Single Adult Memory Tournaments Petrosyan in Moscow
- 2004 was declared the year of memory of Tigran Petrosyan
- Memory of Memory Petrosyan
- The medal "Tigran Petrosyan" - award-winning coaches for special achievements in recent years
- In honor of Petrosyan, postage stamps of Armenia were issued
- Petrosyan's image is placed on a banknote with a par value in 2000 Armenian drams
Bibliography
- 1968 - "Chess and Philosophy"
- 1989 - "Chess Lectures Petrosyan"
- 1985 - "Reliability Strategy"
- 2015 - "My Best Party"
- 2018 - "Chess School of Tigran Petrosyan"