Biography
Ivan Bagramyan was a hero of awarded a number of medals for participating in the Civil, First World and Great Patriotic War. Marshal of the Soviet Union acquired the fame of a talented strategist and a commander.Childhood and youth
Biography Ivan Khristophorovich Baghamyan began at the beginning of the winter of 1897 in the village of Chardachly in a poor family with Armenian roots. The father of Khachatat Karapetovich, who worked at the railway station, called the son of ovanes, but over time it turned out that he was more suitable for the name Ivan.
Miriam Artemovna's mother was a daughter of the artisan, she was engaged in the economy and raised the only child.
In places where the future marshal grew, there was no educational institutions, so parents provided the baby with books and taught reading and writing. Moldoval, Ivan entered the Armenian church-parish school in the major densely populated city of Elizavetpol, and then he was enrolled in the railway school in Georgian Tiflis.
Until the mid-1910s, the young man of Armenian nationality mastered the specialty practice of practice. Studying was easy, and Ivan received a high estimate certificate.
The glorious path of the military began from the moment Bagramyan went to the army by a volunteer and got into a specialized spare battalion of Infantry. After some time, the native of the Azerbaijani village was transferred to the Caucasus.
In the first years, Ivan Khristorovich earned the location of the commanders, and he was sent to the highest school of ensigns, which made it possible to return to the royal army in the rank of officer.
Personal life
The granddaughter of Bagramyan Karina told the biographers a story of the dating and personal life of Ivan Khristoforovich and his wife Tamara Amaikov.
The couple met in Leninakan, where the cavalry regiment was based. Young people liked each other, but the crossing of the commander to another city became an obstacle to the development of relations.
During the separation, the chosen by the future Hero of the Soviet Union at the insistence of parents married, but the young man did not forget the eyes seen on one of the first dates, and dreamed of a new meeting. After the death of the officer, which entered into marriage in agreement, the Caucasian beauty with a baby in his arms got Baghamyan.
Ivan came to wed up to the father of Tamara, as soon as he learned that she was widowed. For a man of Armenian nationality, it was a desperate step.
Marshal of the Soviet Union madly loved his wife and brought up the son of Movses, who was fond of visual art as a native. Not left without a fatherly attention and daughter Margarita, who became a professional doctor.
Baghamyans have lived in a soul for many years, together overcoming adversity and testing. The couple celebrated the Golden Wedding in the 1970s.
Military Career
After the Bolsheviks and Armenia came to power, Ivan Khristorovich gained independence, Ivan Christforovich, who had the experience of battles with the Turks, joined the ranks of the Red Army. He was appointed commander of the 1st National Regiment, and then the detachments of the 11th Army, which actively participated in the Civil War.
The merits of Baghamyan believed that he had an influence, contributed to the strengthening of Soviet power in the territory of the new republics - Georgia and Armenia.
At the beginning of the 20th, the son of the railway worker became the commander of the Kavalirist Squadron and the Deputy Guide for the Economic Part. Then he served as a military secretary and the head of the intelligence unit.
At the end of the Civil War, Bagraman graduated from special advanced training courses of team formulation and headed Leninakan cavalry regiment attached to the Rifle Division of Armenia.
In the 1930s, the able officer sent to the famous Mikhail Frunze Academy to the famous Academy, after which he in the rank of Colonel became the main thing in the Ukrainian headquarters of the 5th cavalry tactical compound.
Successes in combat and political training allowed the Armenina to enter a higher education institution at the General Staff and receive the post of assistant and deputy head of the main branch of the Armed Forces of the Kiev Military District.
At the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Bagramyan was present when planning large-scale counterdovern of the Soviet Army in German troops in Western Ukraine. And in the fall of 1941, he was one of the heroes of the battle near Kiev, for which he was received by Lieutenant General and the first government award - the Order of the Red Banner.
The appointment of the headquarters of the hottest direction to the post of headquarters allowed Ivan Christformich to apply the talent of the strategist. He took part in the development of the operation, during which the Soviet army struck the defense of the fascists in the Southern and South-Western fronts.
Spring of 1942 brought unfortunate and disappointment to the Soviet warller. Joseph Stalin accused Baghamyan in the defeat of Soviet troops in the battle near Kharkov. From the Tribunal of the Red Commander saved the guarantee Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov.
Full rehabilitation in the eyes of the top leadership came after a brilliant combat operation at the Oryol-Kursk arc. The forbidden commander was awarded the Order of Suvorov and the rank of general was sent by the commander to the 1st Baltic Front.
In the middle of 1944, military units headed by Ivan Khristoforovich conducted a successful Vitebsk-Orsha surgery, which brought the native of the village of Chardahly the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Participation in the Victory Parade in Moscow on Red Square became the highest point in the military career of Armenian.
In peaceful days, the Marshal of the Soviet Union served as Deputy Minister of Defense in the Soviet government.
In the times of the Caribbean crisis, the commander ranked at the legends of the army participated in the development of a plan for the transformation into Cuba of Russian soldiers. To confuse Americans and send them to the false track, Bagramyan offered to call the secret operation of the General Staff for the placement of combat units in the South Hemisphere code word "Anadyr".
Death
After the funeral of his favorite spouse in the grave at the Armenian cemetery in the capital, problems with health have fallen in the capital. To distract from intolerable grief, he tried more often with his family. Children and grandchildren did not move away from the veteran of the Great Patriotic War.
Closer to the end of the 1970s, Ivan Khristorovich suffered a heavy cold, requiring careful treatment. On the Black Sea coast, doctors have been banned from the heat, harmful to the heart. Alternatively, the Baltic resort was offered to the Soviet commander.
In the autumn of 1977, Marshal returned from Riga with pneumonia and got into a government hospital in Moscow in serious condition.
Fortunately, after the timely intervention of experienced doctors, the disease retreated, and the commander managed to publish the book "So we went to victory." His authorship belongs to "Combat Glory", a collection of essays "the great people of the Son" and other memoirs with photographs of past years.
Bagramyan, the last of the Great Marshals, died at the end of September 1982, the cause of death began to stop the heart.
In the Central House of Soviet Army, a farewell ceremony with commander was held. The coffin was carried by Wakhta Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, Andrei Andreevich Gromyko, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev and other prominent politicians. Urn with the ashes of the hero of the Great Patriotic War is buried on Red Square in the Kremlin Wall.
Memory
- Equestrian statue in Yerevan and monument in Orel
- Memorial Plank on the house at the address Moscow, Sivtsy Enezhek, 31
- Name I.Kh. Baghamyan wear school №481 in Moscow and school number 46 in Vitebsk
- Streets of Bagramyan in Moscow, Stepanakert, Orel, Pyatigorsk, Rostov-on-Don, Kaliningrad, Vitebsk, Armavir, Nizhny Novgorod
- Baggamyan Avenues in Yerevan and Echmiadzin
- Metro Station "Marshal Bagramyan" in Yerevan
- The name of Marshal Baghamyan is called a military polygon in Armenia
- In the system of departmental awards of the Armenian Sun Armenia, there is a medal "Marshal Bagramyan"
Awards
- 1941, 1944, 1951 - 3 Orders of the Red Banner
- 1943, 1945 - 2 Order of Suvorov 1st degree
- 1943 - Kutuzov 1st degree
- 1944, 1977 - twice Hero of the Soviet Union
- 1944, 1945, 1947, 1957, 1967, 1972, 1977 - 7 orders of Lenin
- 1968 - Order of the October Revolution
- 1968 - Human Human Citizen
- 1968 - an honorary citizen of the city of Orel
- 1968 - Honorary Weapon (Damaska Saber) with the golden image of the USSR state coat of arms
- 1973 - Honorary Citizen Vilnius
- 1975 - Order "For the service of the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degree