Biography
Fyodor Tokarev is a historical person, whose biography is marked by extraordinary inventions and labor exploits. The master rarely enjoyed drawings, because he had a phenomenal memory, and all the details of their products were manually pulled.Childhood and youth
Fyodor Vasilyevich Tokarev was born on June 14, 1871 in the village of Mosotyanskaya, the Russian Empire. The father of the inventor married the daughter of a wealthy Cossack, but he was ignoraxious and did not have land plots. The boy grew together with Natalia and Ulyana's sisters, the rest of the children died.
The future Soviet designer since childhood had addiction to a blackly, plumbing and roofing case, at the age of 7 years independently made from a tree and tinted a small plow, made patterns for forged fences, mastered the windmills painted by blue, and once the bricks are expensive church than pleased grandmother.
Tokarev graduated from handicraft, real and Junker schools, could not enter the highest educational institution due to low origin. In the young years he was heading the weapon workshop, he studied at the masters Alexei Krasnov and Alexander Chernolichov, served in the army, he served the Horsuhn, the Sotnik, Esuul, was distinguished by courage.
Career gunsmith
In 1902, Tokarev read a necrologist dedicated to Sergey Ivanovich Mosina in the magazine "Weapon Collection" and realized that he had to continue the case of the Great Designer. In 1907, he experienced small arms in St. Petersburg and modernized Mosina rifle into automatic. The product was easy to assemble, light, was not afraid of dust, dirt and falling from 3 meters. Since 1916, Fyodor Vasilyevich became a valuable specialist of the Tula Armory, every year a novelty appeared on his authorship.On the basis of the Machine tool, Stevens Maxim, the genius has developed a manual submachine gun taken into armared by the Red Army in 1925. Also, at its base, Tokarev created an aircraft sample, which was replaced by the previously used Vickers. In 1927, the first Soviet machine for revolving chucks was created.
And in 1930 there was a self-loading pistol TT, which punched five 25-mm boards from a distance of 100 steps. During the Great Patriotic War, the sample was well served as the Soviet army, since he was superior to the German Walther P38 in power and slaughter strength, moreover, possessed simplicity of the design and low production cost. Initially, the TT was produced in Tula and Izhevsk, but various modifications were released around 3 million more modifications, their models appeared in China, Yugoslavia, Korea, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and even in Vietnam during the war with the Americans.
The original prototype was immortalized in the photos of the winners of the Great Patriotic War, John Moses Browning himself admired them. Also, the TT became the exhibit in the Paris Museum of the Army, located in the historic building of the Palace of Disabled Louis Xiv, where the Charles de Gaulle memorial is arranged.
SWT self-loading rifle, or "Sveta", as the Red Army man called it, appeared in 1938. In its manufacture, a number of steels were used with unique characteristics and even two specially designed for this weapon. Because of this, it turned out to be very capricious, sensitive to powder, especially "did not love" a lendliz American. He gave a lot of soot, dried the gas channel, and its permeability was regulated by a special key, which was often lost.
The soldiers were afraid to take a rifle in the hands, and even the Germans who captured the samples with a complete warhead, then did not make a single shot. But in the USA, the product was studied and served as the basis for M-14, and in Russia - for the Hunting Self-Charge Caraborn of OSK-88.
Personal life
About the personal life of the gunsmith knows a little bit, in his memoirs he wrote mainly about the career of the inventor. The first spouse of Tokareva Dominica died in 1926, the second wife was called Irina. In the first marriage, the son of Nikolai was born in 1899, he graduated from the St. Petersburg Cadet Corps, became a constructor. The man was fond of motorcycle racing, created his own model of the motorcycle and the world's first Tur-8 aircraft, ensuring continuous tape nutrition and trouble-free shooting in any positions of the aircraft.
In 1921, a young man during his service in the Red Army intelligence was captured to the bandits. Nikolai was sentenced to shooting, but at the last moment it turned out that there was not enough scribe in the detachment, and Tokarev's son was trained. It saved his life, and also made it possible to plan the escape.
Nikolai Fedorovich married Irina Vladimirovna Svelevova, the rendering of the sister of the Decembrist Evgenia Obolensky. According to the family legend, her grandmother on the father's line Maria Foktistovna Red was Alexander II daughter. Fedor Vasilyevich Irina and Alexander were born in this marriage. Virtual Tokarev Vladimir became a military specialist and a member of the Society of Descendants of the Decembrists.
After the victory of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad Fedor Vasilyevich, he took all its savings to the bank - 50 thousand rubles. And then wrote a letter to Joseph Stalin, where he said that he donates the money of the Red Army.
Death
A great gunsmith left his life on June 7, 1968, a chronic disease was the cause of death. Tokarev was buried in Tula on the All -est Cemetery, two years later, a monument was installed on the grave, and in the house where the Master lived is a memorial plaque. Also, his name is called the street in the new part of the city of Sestroretsk.Development
- Machine gun MT.
- Pistol-machine Tokarev
- Pistol TT.
- Aintovka SVT-38
- Aintovka SVT-40
- Automatic AT-44
- Maxim Machine (Modernization)
- Vickers machine gun (modernization)
Awards
Awards for the Russian Empire:- Order of St. Vladimir IV degree with swords and a bow.
- Order of St. Stanislav II degree with swords.
- Order of St. Anne III degree with swords and a bow.
- Order of St. Stanislav III degree with swords and a bow.
- The Order of St. Anne IV degree with the inscription "For courage".
Awards in the USSR:
- 1928 - Hero Labor
- 1933 - Red Star Order
- 1939, 1940, 1946, 1966 - Order of Lenin
- 1940 - Hero of Socialist Labor
- 1941 - Stalin's first degree bonus
- 1944 - Order of Suvorov II degree
- 1945 - Order of the Patriotic War I degree
- 1951, 1961 - Order of the Red Banner
Memory
- Memorial boards in Moscow and Tula, on the wall of houses in which Tokarev lived
- Tokarev Streets in St. Petersburg, Vladimir, Lomonosov, Evpatoria, Sevastopol, Tula and in the village of the Swimetinskaya Rostov region
- Monument Fyodor Tokarev in the village of the Swimetinskaya Rostov region
- Commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia with a par 25 rubles "Arms Designer F. V. Tokarev" from the series "Weapon of the Great Victory"