Biography
Leonid Gaidai - Soviet director, actor and screenwriter who was awarded the title of People's Artist of the USSR in 1989. He is known, first of all, with his filmmates, most of which entered the chronicle of classical domestic films. His paintings "Operation" s "and other adventures of Shurika", "Caucasian captive, or new adventures of Shurika", "Diamond Hand", "Ivan Vasilyevich changes profession" and "12 chairs".
The future legend of domestic cinema was born in the village of the free, located in the Amur region. But he was not yet and years old when the family moved to the cheat, and then to Irkutsk, where Leonid's childhood passed. He grew up with two senior children - Brother Alexander and the sister of August. By the way, Guidai's parents were simple workers serving the railway. At the same time, Leonid, who graduated from the railway school on the eve of the war, studied the department.
According to rumors, Leonid Gaidai himself considered himself Russian, but the father of the director called Jes Isidovich, which hinted at the Semitic roots of the director. According to other sources, Leonid Gaiday's father had Ukrainian origin, and the director himself could not be considered a Jew, since the inheritance of this nationality is transmitted by the mother.
Leonid tried to go to the front volunteer, but because of the age, the young man did not take. Gaidai got an illuminator to the Moscow Satira Theater, who was at that moment in Irkutsk in evacuation. After a year, a young man was mobilized, but first sent to serve in quiet Mongolia. Leonid was outraged by this, constantly achieving translation to the front.
At the same time, a curious incident happened, in a modified form that came to the cinema screens later. The military commark was looking for volunteers to transfer to hot spots and for each question "Who is in artillery?", "In the cavalry?", "In the fleet?" Gaidai shouted "I". Then an officer and said the famous subsequently phrase "Wait!" Let it announce the entire list! "
As a result, Leonid Gaiday was transferred to the Kalininsky direction to intelligence, where he was a heroic manifest itself during one of the battles, and later he received a serious injury, coming on an enemy mine. The young man of the Commissal, and until the end of the war he was in the rear.
After the Great Victory, Gaidai graduated in Irkutsk theater studio. A little worked in the drama theater by actor and illuminator, and then went to Moscow to conquer Vgik, where he entered the directorial faculty.
Films
In the movie Leonid Gaidai made his debut in 1955, and as an actor. Leonid Gaidai played Aleshka in the "Lyana" comedy. But the acting biography of Gaiday did not won't ask what you would not say about work on the other side of the camera. After a year later, Leonid Gaidai makes the directorial debut and produces the dramatic film "Long Way". The picture was noted by the personally famous Mikhail Romm, which in some way in a clean drama managed to consider the Gaiday Comedan's deposit. It was Romm who advised Leonid Iovich to look at the humorous genre.Then Gaidai releases a satirical tape of "Bridegroom from the World", because of which a career was almost lost. From the film after censorship, there was barely half, but even after such a merciless cutting, the beginning director was forbidden to shoot. Then Gaidai in the first and last time I went to a deal with Mosfilm: he made an ideological drama about the steamer "Riseline three times", thanks to which he was allowed to work further. But the director of this film himself shone to the end of his life.
In 1961, he removes the short films "Dog Barbos and an unusual cross" and "Moonshoes", which bring all-Union glory not only by the director, but also the Trinity of the Characters Cowards, the Balbetes and the existing performed by George Vicin, Yuri Nikulina and Evgenia Morgunov.
Laying a few novel of the American humorist O'Henry in the painting "Business People", Gaidai returns to Soviet reality and gives the audience one for another immortal paintings "Operation" s "and other adventures of Shurika", "Caucasian captive, or new Schurik's adventures", " Diamond hand "," Ivan Vasilyevich is changing profession "," can not be! ". These films became the face of Soviet cinema for subsequent generations.
In the 1970s, the director again turned to literature, but this time to his native. Leonid Gaidai shielded the classic works of Russian authors: Ilya Ilf and Evgenia Petrova, Mikhail Bulgakov, Mikhail Zoshchenko and Nikolai Gogol. So an another diamond appears in the collection of Leonid Gaiday: the famous comedy "12 chairs".
By the way, Leonid Gaidai himself often appeared in his films in small episodes. The most large role is the archivist of the warfolomes of the boxes in the "12 chairs". In the 1980s, the director made another classical comedy "Sportloto-82", and also rented many of the releases of the filmalman "Fitil".
In 1989, Leonid Gaidai received the title of People's Artist of the USSR.
The last works of the Great Leonid Gaidai were the perestroika paintings "Private Detective, or the Operation" Cooperation "and" Good weather on Deribasovskaya, or rains are going to Brighton Beach ", in which Dmitry Kharatyan played a major role.
It is worth adding that the legendary director was very conservative in the selection of the cast. Most of the artists were filmed from him in many times. For example, George Vicin, Victor Uralsky, Sergey Filippov and Nina Golshikow appeared in his paintings about 10 times. Also Gaidai loved to work with Natalia Krachkovskaya, Alexander Demyanenko and Leonid Kuravlev.
Also, the recognizable details of the films became songs that performed cartoon characters. Cultny thanks to the appearance in the films Gaidai became the "Song about Zaitsev", which hero sings Yuri Nikulina in the "Diamond Hand", "lose each other's people" from the royal pyr, "Ivan Vasilyevich is changing the profession" or "rub his back of the bears about the earth Axis", Which sings the main character of the painting "Caucasian captive, or new adventures of Shurik".
Personal life
With his future spouse, actress by Nina Golshchik, Leonid Gaidai met in Vgika - the girl was his classmate. They got married in 1953 and lived together for 40 years. By the way, the director was upset that the spouse refused to officially take his last name, but Golshkova explained his refusal by the fact that it was not immediately clear - a man or a woman hiding under the name Gaidai, and for the actress it is important.
The daughter of Oksana's daughter was born in the family, which later presented Leonid and Nina's granddaughter Olga.
Death
Last years Leonid Gaidai hurt himself. He had a non-healing wound on his leg, and then due to the addiction to the smoking of the director began to disturb the respiratory tract. In 1993, the director fell ill with the inflammation of the lungs, got into the hospital, where he died from the thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. Buried on the Kuntsevsky cemetery in Moscow.
In memory of Leonid Guidai, the cinema in the hometown of the director of the free Amur region was named his name, as well as the director's monument was established. The name Guidea was awarded the largest cinema of Irkutsk, and a beautiful memorial plaque is located on the house where the film director grew up. Also, the memorial boards appeared at the school, where the film director studied, on the building of School No. 49, where in 1943-1944 the director was treated in the hospital in this school during the war, and at home number 5, Corps 1 in the Moscow street Chernyakhovsky, Where Leonid Gaidai lived after moving to Moscow.
In 2010, the monument to Leonid Gaiday appeared in Perm - the sculptural composition "Brutal, Balbes and Cissible", consisting of the three famous heroes of the film director, who were moving from the film to the film, installed in front of the Crystal cinema. Three comedized hero are depicted in full growth, in motion, without pedestal, so merge with the crowd when people are going around the cinema.
After 2 years, such a composition was opened in Irkutsk. But here, except for the famous Trinity, Leonid Gaidai himself attended the director's chair.
Not forgotten about the legend of Soviet movies and in Moscow - one of the squares in the city of Mosfilm is called Leonid Gaiday.
Filmography
- 1961 - "Dog Barbos and Unusual Cross"
- 1965 - "Operation" S "and other adventures of Shurik"
- 1966 - "Caucasian captive, or new adventures of Shurik"
- 1968 - "Diamond Hand"
- 1971 - "12 chairs"
- 1973 - "Ivan Vasilyevich is changing profession"
- 1975 - "Can't Be!"
- 1982 - "Sportloto-82"
- 1989 - "Private Detective, or Operation" Cooperation "
- 1992 - "On Deribasovskaya, good weather, or on Brighton Beach again come rain"