Biography
One of the brightest, distinctive and talented poets of the Silver century Anna Gorenko, better known to its admirers like Akhmatov, has lived a long life and rich in tragic events. This proud and at the same time a fragile woman was witness of two revolutions and two world wars. Her soul fell out the repression and death of the closest people. Anna Akhmatova's biography is worthy of a novel or an adaption that has repeatedly and made her contemporaries, as well as a later generation of playwrights, directors and writers.
Anna Gorenko was born in the summer of 1889 in the family of the hereditary nobleman and the retired mechanic engineer of Fleet Andrei Andreevich Gorenko and Inna Erasmovna stack, belonging to the creative elite of Odessa. The girl was born in the southern part of the city, in the house, which was located in the Large Fountain area. It turned out to be a third seniority from six children.
As soon as the baby was a year old, the parents moved to St. Petersburg, where the head of the family received rank of college assessor and became an official of the state control for special instructions. The family settled in the royal village, with whom all the children's memories of Akhmatova are connected. The nanny drove a girl to walk to the Tsarskoyel Park and other places that were still remembered by Alexander Pushkin. Children trained secular etiquette. Anya learned on the alphabet of Lion Tolstoy, and French learned even in early childhood, listening to the teacher teachers his senior children.
Education Future poetess received in the Mariinsky women's gymnasium. Anna Akhmatova poems began to write, according to her, in 11 years. It is noteworthy that poetry for her was not opened by the works of Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov, whom she loved a little later, and the majestic oodas of Gabriel Derzhavin and the poem of Nicholas Nekrasov "Frost, a red nose", which was recited by Mom.
Young Gorenko fell in love with St. Petersburg forever and considered him the main city of his life. She was very good for his streets, Parks and Neva, when I had to leave with my mother in Evpatoria, and then in Kiev. Parents divorced when a girl was 16 years old.
The penultimate class, she was finished at home, in Evpatoria, and the latter ended in the Kiev Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. After completing the study, Gorenko becomes a female student of higher female courses by choosing a law faculty. But if Latyn and the history of the right caused live interest in it, then the jurisprudence seemed boring to the yawn, so the girl continued her education in the beloved St. Petersburg, on historical and literary female courses N. P. Raeva.
Poems
Nobody did in the family of Gorenko poetry, "how much eye sees the eye around." Only on the line of Mother Inna Stogova found a distant relative Anna Bunin - Translator and Poets. The father did not approve the passion for the daughter of poetry and asked not to sink his last name. Therefore, Anna Akhmatova poems never signed the real name. In its genealogical tree, she found Prabababook-Tatarka, which allegedly led their own from the Ordane Khan Ahmat, and thus turned into Akhmatov.
In early youth, when the girl studied in the Mariinian gymnasium, she met a talented young man, subsequently the famous poet Nikolai Gumilyov. And in Evpatoria, and in Kiev, the girl corresponded with him. In the spring of 1910, they married the Nikolaev Church, which today stands in the village of Nikolskaya Slobodka near Kiev. At that time, Gumilyov was already held by the poet known in literary circles.
Newlyweds went to celebrate their honeymoon to Paris. It was the first meeting of Akhmatova with Europe. Upon his return, the husband introduced his talented wife into literary and artistic circles of St. Petersburg, and she immediately noticed. At first everyone struck her unusual, majestic beauty and royal posture. Double, with a clear hubber on the nose, "Ordane" appearance Anna Akhmatova conquered the literary God.
Soon, St. Petersburg writers turn out to be captured by the creativity of this original beauty. Anna Akhmatova poems about love, namely, this great feeling, she chased his whole life, writes during the crisis of symbolism. Young poets try themselves in other camping flows - futurism and aqmeism. Gumileva-Akhmatova acquires fame as a acme system.
The 1912th becomes a breakthrough in its biography. This memorable year is not only born by the only son of the poetess - Lev Gumilyov, but it comes out with a small circulation of her first compilation called "Evening". On the slope of the years, a woman who passed all the time in which she fell to be born and create, will call these first creations by "poor verses of an empty girl." But then the poems of Akhmatova found the first of their admirers and brought her fame.
Two years later, the second compilation comes out, called "Knutka". And it was already a real triumph. Fans and critics enthusiastically respond about her work, elevating the most fashionable poerages of their time to the rank. Ahmatova no longer need a pattering of her husband. Her name sounds even louder than the name of Gumileva. In the revolutionary 1917, Anna produces his third book - "White Farn". It comes out of an impressive circulation of 2 thousand copies. The couple partitioned in troubled 1918.
And in the summer of 1921, Nikolai Gumileva shot. Ahmatova was seriously worried about the death of the father of his son and man who introduced it to the world of poetry.
Since the mid-1920s, heavy times compete for poeses. She is under the close attention of the NKVD. It is not printed. The poems of Akhmatova are written "on the table". Many of them are lost when moving. The last compilation was released in 1924. "Provocative", "falcon", "anti-communist" poems - such a stamp on creativity was worth Anna Andreevna expensive.
The new stage of her creativity is closely connected with the experiencing soul with experiences for their native people. First of all, behind the son of Loev. In late autumn of 1935, the first alarming bell sounded for a woman: at the same time the second husband Nikolai Punin and Son arrested. They will be released in a few days, but the poetess will no longer be resting in life. From now on, it will feel like a ring of persecution around it shrink.
After 3 years, the son is arrested. He was sentenced to 5 years of correctional labor camps. In the same scary year, Anna Andreevna and Nikolai Punin ceased. The exhausted mother carries the transfer to the son in the crosses. At the same years, the famous "Requiem" Anna Akhmatova comes out.
To ease the life of his son and pull it out of the camps, the poetess in front of the war itself, in the 1940th, publishes a collection of "from six books". Here are collected old resilient poems and new, "correct" from the point of view of the ruling ideology.
Anna Andreevna's bundled Great Patriotic War spent in evacuation in Tashkent. Immediately after the victory, returned to the liberated and destroyed Leningrad. From there soon moves to Moscow.
But hardly speaking clouds, the son was released from the camps - they are condensed again. In 1946, her creativity was defeated at the next meeting of the Writers' Union, and in 1949, Lev Gumilyov was arrested again. This time he was condemned for 10 years. Unhappy woman broke. She writes requests and repentable letters to the Politburo, but no one hears it.
After leaving the next imprisonment, the relationship between the mother and the Son for many years remained tense: the lion believed that the mother was put on the first place, which she loved more than him. He is moving away from her.
Black clouds above the head of this famous, but deeply unhappy woman diverge only under the end of her life. In 1951 she was restored in the Writers' Union. Poems Akhmatova printed. In the mid-1960, Anna Andreevna receives a prestigious Italian award and produces a new collection "Running Time". And the famous poetess Oxford University assigns a doctoral degree.
At the end of the years, the poet and the writer of the world name finally appeared his home. Leningrad "Litfond" highlighted her a modest wooden cottage in Komarovo. It was a tiny house, which consisted of a veranda, corridor and one room.
All "Furnishing" is a rigid bed, where bricks were folded as the leg, the table, built of the door, drawing moduliani on the wall and an old icon, once belonged to the first husband.
Personal life
This royal woman had an amazing power over men. In his youth, Anna was fantastically flexible. They say she could be blocked back, pulling the head of the floor. Even Mariins ballerina affected this incredible natural plastic. And she had amazing eyes who have changed the color. Some said that the eyes of Akhmatova gray, others argued that green, and the third assured that they were heavenly blue.
Nikolai Gumilyov fell in love with Anna Gorenko at first sight. But the girl was crazy about Vladimir Glenchev-Kutuzov, a student who did not pay any attention to it. The young gymnasium suffered and even tried to hang on a nail. Fortunately, he slipped out of the clay wall.
It seems, the daughter was inherited by mother's failure. Marriage did not bring the poetess of happiness with one of the three official husbands. The personal life of Anna Akhmatova was a mess and some kind of rashpatnaya. They changed her, she changed. The first husband was carried by the love of Anna through all his short life, but at the same time he had an extramarital child, which everyone knew about. In addition, Nikolai Gumilyov did not understand why a beloved wife, in his opinion, was not a brilliant poetess at all, causes such delight and even exaltation of young people. Anna Akhmatova's poems about love seemed too long and pompous.
In the end, they broke up.
After parting, Anna Andreevna did not have a penny from the fans. Count Valentin's teeth gave her an oakha of expensive roses and trembled from one of her presence, but the preference of the beauty gave Nikolay Nicholas. However, Boris Anurga soon changed him.
The second marriage with Vladimir Shileiko so Izmuved Anna, that she dropped: "Divorce ... What is a pleasant feeling!".
A year after the death of the first husband, she parted with the second. And six months later get married for the third time. Nikolai Punin - art historian. But the personal life of Anna Akhmatova did not work with him.
Deputy People's Commissar of Enlightenment of the Lunacharsky Punin, who sheltered the homeless Ahmatov after the divorce, also did not make it happy. The new wife lived in the apartment with the former wife Punin and his daughter, passing money into a common boiler for food. The son-coming son Leo was placed on the night in a cold corridor and felt the orphan, eternally deprived of attention.
Anna Akhmatova's personal life was to change after a meeting with the patoanan man's doctor, but before the wedding itself, the deceased mother, who flashed not to take the sorcerer into the house. Marriage canceled.
Death
The death of Anna Akhmatova on March 5, 1966, seems to shocked everyone. Although she was already 76 years old at that time. Yes, she was sick for a long time and hard. The poetess died in the sanatorium near Moscow to Domodedovo. On the eve of death, she asked to bring her new covenant, whose texts wanted to merge with the texts of the Kumranian manuscripts.
The body of Akhmatova from Moscow hurried to send to Leningrad: the authorities did not want dissident unrest. Buried her at the Komarovsky cemetery. Before death, the son and mother could not be confused: they did not communicate for several years.
On the grave of Mother, Lev Gumilyov laid out a stone wall with a window, which was supposed to symbolize the wall in the crosses, where she wore him to transfer. At first, on the grave stood a wooden cross, as he asked Anna Andreevna, but in 1969 a stone appeared.
Anna Akhmatova Museum is located in St. Petersburg on the street by Avtovskaya. One more is open in a fountain house where she lived for 30 years. Later museums, memorable boards and bas-reliefs appeared in Moscow, Tashkent, Kiev, Odessa and many other cities where Muse lived.
Poems
- 1912 - "Evening"
- 1914 - "Cleans"
- 1922 - "White Farn"
- 1921 - "Plantain"
- 1923 - "Anno Domini McMxxi"
- 1940 - "From six books"
- 1943 - "Anna Akhmatova. Favorites "
- 1958 - "Anna Akhmatova. Poem "
- 1963 - "Requiem"
- 1965 - "Running Time"