Biography
Ruslanova Lydia Andreevna - Honored Artist of the RSFSR, Soviet singer, a performer of Russian folk songs. She sang at Reichstag when Soviet troops entered Berlin, her work became a model of Russian folklore for foreigners. The most famous compositions in the execution of Lydia Andreevna: "Wovenka, Valenki", "Katyusha", "on the street Rain", "Saratov chastushki".Childhood and youth
The singer, which the world knows as Lydia Ruslanov, was born 14 (27) in October 1900 in a simple peasant family in the Saratov region. According to one source, its real name was Praskovya, according to others - Agafya, according to the testimony of contemporaries, in the village she was called Pan. The girl was one of the three children in the family of Old Believers Leukini. Panka had a brother of Avedy and Sister Julia.
After the start of the Russian-Japanese war, the father of Leukin went to the front, and Mom died. So the girl came to the orphan coach, where the future singer was charged with a letter with a new name and surname. With brother and sister Ruslanov divided. The daughter of the artist after her death said that Lydia is a real name of the singer, only the name was the pseudonym.
Talent manifested itself from Ruslanovaya in early childhood. At the time of stay in the orphan shelter girl sang in church church. Unique voice data helped her in his youth to get into the Saratov conservatory, but after a couple of years of study, Lydia realized that academic vocals were not interested in her.
She was a born performer of folk songs. In 1916, the girl as a sister of mercy voluntarily went to the front. During the war years, she served in a sanitary train. Sometimes she sang for the wounded to alleviate their suffering. Then the first thing happened in her life.
Musical career
Lydia finally took shape as an artist in 1921. She had her own manner of performance, concert image and a unique repertoire. The first place of work of the young actress as the singer was the pop Theater "Scromorch" in Rostov-on-Don.Top at the stage solo Lydia began in 1923, her first concert was huge success. In the 20s, Ruslanov began to collect books and Russian folk costumes. She used literature for self-education, and clothing as concert outfits.
The second husband of the artist instilled her love for bohemian life. Ruslanov was fascinated by collecting paintings, antiques and jewels. At that time, the records with records of the voice of Lydia Andreevna went out with large circulations and diverged as hot cakes. The singer at the military was especially popular.
After the start of the Soviet-Finnish war in 1939, Ruslanov was again at the front, but already as part of a concert brigade. She worked in difficult conditions, in the cold, without normal conditions for recreation. In order not to lose the voice of Lydia Andreevna constantly accepted antibacterial drugs, for which he received the nickname "Lidchka-Streptocid".
Then there was the Great Patriotic War. Ruslanova was again as part of a concert brigade serving at the front. This period brought the singer to unprecedented popularity. She spent earned money for the purchase of diamonds, outfits, antique furniture and other luxury items.
In 1942, she was assigned the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR, by the way, in the same year, a similar title received and friend Ruslanova - Leonid Utesov, who also performed at the front. In the war years, the singer gave 1120 concerts. It was this Russian actress in 1945 to sang for the fighters of the Red Army in Berlin at Reikhstag.
Ruslanov in conclusion
Two years after the end of the war, the "military conspiracy" and acquaintances of Marshal Zhukov were disclosed in Opal. Among them was the general of the hooks with his wife. In 1949, Lidia and her husband were deprived of military awards, property and arrested. Ruslanov's songs were banned. Lydia Andreevna was interrogated for a long time, then they were tried and sent to the camp. Several times it was translated from one place of conclusion to another, continuing interrogation, including about her relationship with Zhukov.
Even in the camp she did not stop singing, tried to hold on, although he experienced serious spiritual flour due to the experienced shame. In 1950, Lydia Andreevna fell into a Vladimir prison, where at that time was in the conclusion of actress Zoya Fedorov. Women found a common language and shivered. In Lydia's prison, Ruslanov was refused to sing, because of which he got into the Cake several times. During the conclusion, it has repeatedly transferred the inflammation of the lungs.
In 1953, after the death of Stalin, Lydia Andreevna and her spouse rehabilitated. They returned themselves part of the property and began to try to improve life. The prison has undermined the health of Kryukov and Ruslanova, the artist even wanted to forget about the scene. The singer was seriously transferred to the humiliation to which it was subjected to a whole country. The husband of the artist, too, could not recover from the experienced suffering in prison.
For the sake of the well-being of the family Ruslanov returned to the stage. Earned money was enough to buy some furniture and a car for her husband. After his death in 1959, the singer canceled all the concerts and was going to leave the scene forever again. In the sixties, her voice often sounded in the radio, the popularity did not weaken. Gradually, Lydia Andreevna returned to concert activities.
Personal life
Lidia Ruslanova's personal life consisted of takeoffs and falls. The first time she married in 1916 for the Intendant Vitaly Nikolaevich Stepanov. In May 1917, a child was born a couple. There is a version that the first husband escaped with Gypsy, grabbing a child. The name of His Son Ruslanov kept secret, as well as the details of the disappearance of the beloved. According to some information, the baby died, without living both months, but the singer herself about this part of his biography did not want to talk.
In 2014, in the TV program "Direct Ether", a pensioner from Kirov, who calls himself the son of Lydia Ruslanova, was able to prove the relationship with the nephew of the singer. This fact speaks in favor of what the child born Ruslanova in 1917 may have remained alive.
The second marriage of the singers was longer. For Nauma Naumin Ruslanov married in 1919 in Vinnitsa, in two years a young family moved to Moscow. Together, the spouses lived ten years, while in 1929 Lydia did not require a divorce. After 8 years, Napin was repressed and shot.
By that time, Ruslanova had another husband. Mikhail Garkavi Artist was married in the same 1929 for the famous Moscow Confector of Mikhail Garkavi. They lived together for 13 years, while Ruslanov had no new love in the face of the associate and friend George Zhukov.
General of the captured heart of the Russian singer called Vladimir Kryukov. Lydia divorced Garkavi, because I did not tolerate false and adulters. The woman said that he sorry for her "bear", but the heart is full of love for the military, as in his youth. The singer herself suggested that Kryukov sign. The general had a seven-year-old daughter Margarita, which Ruslanov took as a native.
After the war, they lived together together, as evidenced by happy photos of the period. The daughter remembers that Lydia Andreevna has always loved the cleanliness and comfort, perfectly prepared, and in the evenings there were many friends and interesting people in the house.
Close relationship with Zhukov had the fatal consequences in the fate of General Kryukov and his wife. The fourth husband of the singers could not recover after a five-year prison and died in 1959. The death of the spouse greatly influenced Ruslanov, she canceled all her concerts, and the year did not appear on stage.
Last years and death
After the death of her husband, Ruslanov began to sow and complain about the heart. She spent a lot of time at home in bed, and her daughter read it out loud. When health allowed, Ruslanov went with Margarita to the theater, performed in pop concerts. The title of People's Artist Lydia Andreevna never received, it was also not released abroad. The state of health was almost not reflected in the voice of the singer, he remained a sonorous, beautiful, young and full life.
In August 1973, Ruslanov took part in a series of large concerts, the last of which passed in Rostov, where the singer began his singing career in the distant 1921. Lydia Andreevna died on September 21, 1973. The cause of death is a heart attack.
After autopsy, it became known that the artist for his life had no less than six infarction. Singer is buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. It was so many people to spend your favorite artist on the last path that the movement of transport from the cemetery had to stop.
Memory
In 2007, the documentary film "Cruel Romance Lydia Ruslanova" about the life of the People's Singer. In 2008, the playman was given in Irkutsk, which was devoted to the memory of Lydia Andreevna. Every year, the competitions of folk songs are held throughout Russia, which are the name of the famous singer, and in Venus there is Crater Ruslanov. Articles about the life and work of the singer continue to appear in the press.
The memory of the performer of the song "Wovenka, Valenki" does not disappear, although her voice is less and less sounding on the radio or tele-ester. In 2015, the image of Ruslanova was reconstructed in the entertainment transmission "exactly exactly." The song "Valenki, Valenki" presented a talented artist Danil Dunaev, who reincarnated to the folk singer outwardly and copied her execution to the manner.
In the same show, I simulate Ruslanovas tried the pop singer Elena Vaenga, she performed the song "We rode on a boat." In two thousand years, by order of the leading TV channels began to be filmed by buyopics about the life of outstanding artists and figures of Soviet times. The identity of Lydia Andreevna is presented in several of them ("Zoya", "Lyudmila", "Zhukov") actress Iros Morozova.
Discography:
- 1996 - Sings Lydia Ruslanova
- 2000 - Queen of the Russian Song
- 2001 - Great Performers of Russia of the XX century. Lidia Ruslanova
- 2002 - Russian folk songs. Recording 1930-40s
- 2007 - Names for all times. Lidia Ruslanova