Biography
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart appeared in Salzburg on January 27, 1756. His father was the composer and violinist Leopold Mozart, who worked in the court chapel of Count Sigismund von Strattenbach (Prince-Archbishop Salzburg). Anna Maria Mozart (in Perrthl's Maidel) became the mother of the famous musician (in Perrthl's Maiden), which took place from the family of a trustee commissar of a small commune of St. Gilgen.
In total, seven children were born in the Mozart family, however, most of them, unfortunately, died at a young age. The first child of Leopold and Anna, who managed to survive, became the eldest sister of the future musician Maria Anna (relatives and friends since childhood called Nannerl girl). After about four years, Wolfgang appeared. Births were extremely heavy, and doctors feared for a long time that for the mother of the boy they will be fatal. But after a while, Anna went on amendment.
Both children of Mozarts from an early years have demonstrated love for music and beautiful ability to her. When the father began to teach Nannerl to play Clavesis, her youngest brother was only about three years old. However, the sounds who came during the lessons were so excited about the little boy, which since then he often approached the instrument, pressed the keys and picked up a pleasantly sound consonance. Moreover, he could even lose fragments of musical works that heard before.
Therefore, at a four years of aged, Wolfgang began to receive his own lessons on Clavesis from his father. However, the learning of menuets and plays written by other composers, soon enough bored the child, and at the age of five to this type of occupation, an essay of the young Mozart of his own small plays was added. And at six years, Wolfgang has mastered the violin, and almost without assistance.
Nannerl and Wolfgang never went to school: Leopold gave them a great home education. At the same time, young Mozart always immersed with great zeal into the study of any subject. For example, if it was about mathematics, then after a few zealous classes of the boy literally all surfaces in the room: from walls and floor to floors and chairs - quickly covered with chalk inscriptions with numbers, tasks and equations.
Euro-trip
Already at the six-year-old, the "miracle child" played so good that he could have given concerts. A wonderful addition to his inspired game was the voice of Nannerl: the girl sang just fine. Leopold Mozart was so impressed with the musical abilities of his children, which decided to go with them to prolonged tour of various European cities and countries. He hoped that this journey would bring them a great success and considerable profit.
The family visited Munich, Brussels, Cologne, Mannheim, Paris, London, Hague, several cities of Switzerland. The trip was dragged for many months, and after a brief return to Salzburg - and for years. During this time, Wolfgang and Nannel gave concerts to the stunned public, and also visited Opera theaters and performances of famous musicians with their parents.
In 1764, the first four Sonats of Young Wolfgang were published in Paris, designed for violin and a key. In London, the boy was lucky to learn from Johann Christian Baha (the younger son of Johanne Sebastian Baha), who instantly noted the genius of the child and, being a virtuoso musician, gave Wolfgang a lot of useful lessons.
For the years, the wonder-children's worships, which, without the very good health, were not very tired. Their parents were tiring: for example, during the stay of the Mozart family in London, Leopold became very sick. Therefore, in 1766, Wunderkinds, together with their parents, returned back to their native city.
Creative formation
At the age of fourteen years, Wolfgang Mozart's efforts of Father went to Italy, which was amazed by the talent of the young virtuoso. Arriving in Bologna, he successfully participated in the peculiar musical competitions of the Philharmonic Academy along with the musicians, many of whom went to the fathers.The mastery of the young genius was so impressed by the Bodenskaya Academy that he was elected academician, although usually this honorable status was assigned only to the most successful composers whose age was at least 20 years.
After returning to Salzburg, the composer with his head went to the composition of diverse sonatas, operas, quartets, symphony. The older he became - the more courageous and original were his works, they were less and less on the creations of the musicians, which Wolfgang admired in childhood. In 1772, the fate of Mozart with Josef Gaidn, who became his chief teacher and the most close friend.
Soon Wolfgang got a job at the court of Archbishop, as well as his father. He had a large number of orders, but after the death of the old bishop and the arrival of the new situation at the courtyard became much less pleasant. A trip of fresh air for a young composer was a trip to Paris and major German cities in 1777, which Leopold Mozart has scored at the Archbishop for his gifted son.
At that time, the family faced quite strong financial difficulties, and therefore only mother could go with Wolfgang. The grown composer again gave concerts, but his courageous essays were not like the classical music of those times, and the grown boy no longer caused delight to one of his appearance. Therefore, this time the public adopted a musician with a much smaller rejoice. And in Paris, Mozart's mother, extended by a long and unsuccessful trip, died. The composer returned to Salzburg.
Career flourishing
Despite the problems with money, Wolfgang Mozart has long been dissatisfied with how Archbishop appealed with him. Not doubting his musical genius, the composer reigned about the fact that the employer regards him as servant. Therefore, in 1781, he, having spoiled to all the laws of decency and the persuasion of relatives, decided to leave the service from the Archbishop and move to Vienna.
There, the composer got acquainted with Baron Gottfried Wang Stephen, who in those days was a patron of musicians and had a large collection of Creators of Handel and Bach. On his advice, Mozart tried to create a Baroque music, in order to enrich their creativity. At the same time Mozart tried to receive the post of music teacher for Princess Württemberg Elizabeth, however, the emperor chose a teacher of singing Antonio Salieri.
The peak of the creative career of Wolfgang Mozart fell in the 1780s. It was then that she wrote his most famous operas: "Wedding Figaro", "Magic Flute", "Don Juan". At the same time, the popular "small night serenade" was written in four parts. At that time, the music of the composer was extremely demanded, and he received the greatest fees in life for his work.
Unfortunately, the period of unprecedented creative lifting and recognition for Mozart lasted not too long. In 1787, he died hot Favorite Father, and soon his wife, the Constance of Weber fell ill with the head of the lower leg, and there were considerable money for the treatment of spouses.
The situation and death of Emperor Joseph II worsen, after which the Emperor Leopold II closed to the throne. He, in contrast to his brother, was not a fan of music, because it was not necessary to count on the location of the new monarch.
Personal life
The only wife of Mozart became the Constance of Weber, with which he met in Vienna (at first after moving to the city of Wolfgang rented accommodation at the Weber family).
Leopold Mozart was against the marriage of his son on the girl, as she saw her family's desire to find for the Constance "Profitable Party". Nevertheless, the wedding took place in 1782.
The composer's wife was pregnant six times, but few children of this couple experienced infant age: only Karl Thomas and Franz Ksaver Wolfgang survived.
Death
In 1790, when Constance again went for treatment, and the financial condition of Wolfgang Mozart became even more unbearable, the composer decided to give several concerts in Frankfurt. The famous musician, whose portrait at that time became the personification of progressive and immensely beautiful music, was welcomed by "Hurray", but the fees from concerts were too small and did not justify the hopes of Wolfgang.In 1791, the composer had an unprecedented creative rise. At this time, "Symphony 40" came out from under his feather, and shortly before death - unfinished "Requiem".
In the same year, Mozart became very ill: he was tormented by weakness, legs and hands of the composer was swollen, and soon he began to be squeezed from sudden attacks of vomiting. The death of Wolfgang came on December 5, 1791, its official cause is a rheumatic inflammatory fever.
However, to this day, some believe that the cause of Mozart's death was the poisoning of the Composer Antonio Salieri known in those days, who, alas, was not so geniant at all like Wolfgang. Partly the popularity of this version is dictated by the corresponding "small tragedy" written by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. However, there was no confirmation of this version at the present moment.
Interesting Facts
- The present name of the composer sounds like Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus (Gottlieb) Mozart, but he himself always demanded that Wolfgang be called.
- During a large touring journey of young Mozarts in Europe, the family turned out to be in Holland. Then there was a post in the country, and the music was banned. The exception was made only for Wolfgang, considering his talent by God's gift.
- Mozart was buried in the general grave, where several more coffins were located: the financial situation of the family was so heavy at the time. Therefore, the exact burial place of the Grand Composer is unknown so far.