Biography
The biography of this brilliant curctured, spyware and a double intelligence agent, clumsy, but the inventive dancer, not beautiful, but at the same time an incredibly sexy woman and today excitement of the minds of contemporaries. Mata Hari still created a lot of myths around himself around himself, already then - at the dawn of the twentieth century - realizing the power of image advertising and marketing, that is, what modern stars of show business use with the same frequency and ease as a trivial toothbrush.
Perhaps, therefore, biographical essays about the famous "erotic spy" will differ in such a way that it is difficult to get rid of the impression that they are written about completely different women. The biography of Mata Hari is dozens of myths, and only some of them are somehow confirmed by archival information.
A clear understanding of who this amazing woman was in fact, and how she influenced the course of history and events of the First World War, no now, because documents on the "Maty Hari" and today are not declassified by the French side. And in 2000 it was discovered that from the Anatomy Museum in Paris disappeared without a trace disappeared the disappeared remains of the "main curtains of world espionage". It seems to someone in our days I do not want to open the whole truth about her.
Real name Hari - Margaret Gertrude Zell. She was born on August 7, 1876 in Leuuwarden, the capital of one of the Netherlands provinces - Friesland. The girl was the second child and the only daughter of Adam Zell and Aniate Van der Melen. In addition to her, three sons grown in the Zelel family. The family was quite secured - her head was owned by a hat shop and received a considerable profit from investments in the oil industry.
The children attended an elite school and did not need anything, but everything collapsed overnight when Adam Zell was broken. Family followed for material problems: parents divorced when her daughter was 13 years old. And when the Gret has shouted 15, Mom from those who collapsed on her, and suffering died.
Father sent a rapid daughter to her crossed father in the town of Snack in the north of the Netherlands. When the question arose about the receipt of the girl of education, it was decided to send Margaret to the south of the country, to the city of Leiden, where Greta Zell began to attend a school that was preparing future educators for kindergartens. There, the young beauty for the first time realized that he could charming men: she seduced by the director of the school.
The crossed father had to immediately take away the girl away from the epicenter of the scandal. But to live in the Puritan situation with a strict godfather felt freedom Greta no longer wanted: after a few months later she escaped to his native uncle in Hague. But and there, the situation was too shy and strict, so 18-year-old beauty decided that she needed to break free.
Once she acquired a newspaper on the street with ads and carefully studied the column, where the lonely men were looking for companions of life. The choice of a girl fell on a 39-year-old officer Rudolph Mac-Loda. Hardly acquainted, couple with a 20-year-old difference at the age decided to combine legitimate marriage. There was no speech about any love: Greten really wanted to escape from the "Cell" to freedom.
Family
Perhaps at the beginning of Margaret Margaret Gertrud Zell and dreamed of happy family life, but reality quickly cooled her desire to build a homely focus. After moving to the Indonesian Island of Java, after moving to the Indonesian Island of Java (then the Dutch East India) began to kut and openly change the young spouse. Soon the Mac-Lawode turned the life of Greet to hell: in failures in the service, he accused his wife, in a drunken ugar, the rage on her and two little children.
According to some information, the future kurtybanka precisely on Java in all serious, in retaliation to the wrong spouse changing him with young officers. After one of the domestic scandals, she moved to the young lover - Wang Redareu Dutch officer. For the sake of entertainment, Margaret began to visit the dance group, in which not only Indonesian traditions were studied, but also national dances.
After a while, her husband persuaded his spouse to return. She gave way to his plea, but soon her old life returned: again scandals, drunk passion and treason. Forget to a young woman helped only passion for dancing and immersion in local culture. According to some information, it was at Java Greta for the first time, Mata Hari called himself that in Translated from Malay literally sounded like "eye of the day." The legend claims that so the woman subscribed in one of the letters to relatives in the 1890s.
In 1899, the family suffered a terrible grief: a two-year-old son Norman died in the flour. The cause of the boy's death is still not clear: according to one information he died from the complications of syphilis, which someone from his parents infected him, for other children a maid was poisoned, whose husband insulted Mac-Lawode. Jeanne-Louise's daughter, Jean Siohl survived (she died at 21, and the cause of death allegedly was syphilis).
In the spring of 1902, the spouses returned to the Netherlands. There, the family ship was finally collapsed into parts, without making numerous blows about the life reefs: Zelel and Mac-Lawode broke up. The husband refused to pay the alimony of the former wife and selected her daughter.
Dancer Mata Hari.
Mata Hari was on the verge of poverty and decided to go in search of earnings in the sparkling Paris lights. Later, when she was asked why she chose Paris, a woman dropped: "I don't know, but I think that all wives who escaped from her husbands pull into Paris."
Greta tried to get a simulator, but Declaring French artists rejected her candidacy because of a small bust. Then the woman remembered the ride skills acquired in Indonesia and settled in the circus Molie, where he spoke under the pseudonym of the lady sin Mc.
The woman who was accustomed to luxury did not suit the woman, and she began to look for a way to earn more and break into the bohemian Wednesday of Paris. And then she remembered his ability to dance and the reaction of men who accompanied her performances on the island.
Exotic dances with an emphasis on erotica made an incredibly strong impression on the French. At that time, the concept of striptease was new to the undeclared public: it was on this novelty and the utmost frankness of the speeches of Mata Hari made a win-win bet.
Her successful debut took place in March 1905 in the famous Museum of Eastern Art Muse Gime. Flexible beauty really liked the richest industrialist, an art connoisseur and museum holder Monsieur Gime, who decided to help young mistresses in his career. According to some information, it was he who came up with the Javanese dancer stage name Mata Hari. Her presentation among the exhibits of the museum in a luxurious attire from the Monsieur Gime collection produced Furore. Erotic dance ended with the complete exposure of the girl who left only bracelets and a pearl necklace.
Triumph Mati Hari took place on the eyes of the affected by the spectacle of the ambassadors of Japan and Germany, as well as the elected guests. This night turned out to be a turning point in the life of the curtain. Greta burst into the God of Paris and firmly settled on his positions. Erotic dances in combination with Eastern exotic had an unprecedented success in all layers of the Paris population. The newspaper La Vie Parisienne describes the presentation of the future "spy number 1" in the museum:
"These absolutely genuine brahmann dances Madame Mata Hari learned on Java from the best priestesses of India. These dances are kept secret. In the depths of the temples, only Brahmans and Devadasi can observe. "
Perhaps it was one of the first legends who came up with Mata Hari and her patron Monsieur Gime. Many started talking about an unusual dancer who grew up on Java and brought up in Indian temples, where she suffered the art of secret dance. She herself generously "fed" journalists with stories about what he had the extramarital daughter of Emperor India Edward VII and a certain Indian princess, he said that he grew up and was brought up with the priests of the temple in Kanda Svawi, which for thirteen years in a naked form danced in the temple and the like.
Contemporaries call Mata Hari grandmother of a modern striptease, which for those inexpervised in those days of Western spectators was something shocking and fascinating at the same time.
The new star of Paris climbed, eclipsed by his speeches by the famous Isador Duncan, who, after the appearance of Matha Hari, remained only one thing - to leave there, where the new favorite of the public was reached: in the distant Russia, in the embrace of Sergei Yesenin.
Meanwhile, Mata Hari turns into an elite curtain, to get close to which high-ranking officials and bohemia France and Germany believed. They rummate, almost in every European city of Margaret had famous lovers who showered her jewels and money. Nevertheless, Mata Hari constantly needed money and took the debt. They say, the reason for this was not only its wastefulness and habit of extraordinary luxury, but also love for gambling games.
The name of Mati Hari becomes hardly nominated: it appears on the names of cigarettes, boxes with Dutch biscuits and sweets, on postcards. The deplete father of the Greta writes about her a book that came out in 1906 and called "the history of life of my daughter and my objections to her former spouse." She brought a considerable fee to the author, and the dancer is even greater than in Europe.
Mata Hari acts in the famous salons of Paris and three times in the mansion of Baron Rothschild. This triumph was survived after the speech on the legendary scene of the Olympia Theater. Paris, London, New York newspapers write about her, calling a miracle, pearl, the genius of plastics, which affects the viewers of the game, hands, eyes, lips and the whole body. Meanwhile, the former spouse Maty Hari claims that she never knew how to dance, and in general the Margaret flatfoot.
In the winter of 1906, Mata Hari received a two-week surgent in Madrid. From there, she rides in Monte Carlo, where she was invited to dance in ballet mass. Famous Jacomo Puccini sends her flowers to her, and Jules Masssel falls in love with her.
Espionage
In the summer of 1906, Mata Hari performed in Berlin, where he met the beginning of the First World War. Here she had a new lover - a rich landowner and lieutenant Alfred Kipert. He invited beauty to Silesia, where military maneuvers were held in September.
Mata Hari, a citizen of the Netherlands, was unable to leave Germany who had entered the war. Here it is detained several times, suspecting connections with Russian intelligence. But a woman managed to break out home, where she lived for several months. The Netherlands seem to be accustomed to bohemian life and secular shine curtisank too boring: it returns to Paris, where it is in the house donated by the Banker's lover.
The life to which Mata Hari is used to, collapses: to travel in Europe is difficult for her due to the introduction of a ban on travel by countries that participate in the war. Zelele moves between the Netherlands and France, performing frequent moving through Spain and Britain, since the territories of the two countries are separated by the front line.
Frequent movements of Mata Hari became interested in French counterintelligence, because the German residency was actively worked in Spain.
The exact time and circumstances of the recruitment of the Netherlands dancers are unknown today. French counterintelligents believed that Mata Hari was recruited before the war. The first information is that the woman is spying in favor of Germany, the French appeared in 1916. When Mata Hari understood that she was declassified, she herself came to the French counterintelligence and offered their services.
To test a new agent, she was sent early in 1917 to Madrid, having trusting a minor mission. Here, suspicions in espionage were confirmed: the H-21 agent turned over the French (such a code name received Mata Hari) German intelligence ordered to return to Paris. The French information was received by radio trip.
The opinions of researchers about the activities of Mati Hari are very different. Some consider her the smartest woman who led the active spy job, artificially introduced into the highest political and military circles of countries with whom Germany competed. Others argue that Mata Hari was not a real spy, she led the usual rampant lifestyle, creating a halo of mysteriousness around him and getting good money from all sides for it.
Biographers estimated that a large spy had more than 100 lovers from a great-wide spy. But many believe that the true love of Mata Hari had one - the Russian pilot Vadim Maslov, who served in French aviation.
Mata Hari met him at the very end of his life, in 1916. Vadim Maslov was 21 years old, and she was 40. Young handsome man was a peer of the deceased Son Greta Zell, but she fell in love with the young man with all the passion. According to some information, Maslov and Mata Hari wanted to get married, but Vadim sent to the front, where he got a hard wound and lost his eyes. Allegedly, in France's front-line hospital in France, a loving woman rushed. To this end, she appealed to the French military, but they put the condition: to get secret data from the German military. Mata Hari agreed. To do this, she was sent to Madrid, where the Agent H-21 turned forward was declassified.
There is a version that Germany specially declassified the France's Radioshination to get rid of the double agent.
The love of Maty Hari and Vadim Maslov, most likely, another beautiful myth of the curtains. There is a version for which for Vadim Maslov "Love" with the famous spy dancer was just an intrigue.
Whatever it was, but the history of the life of one of the most famous Kurtisanoks and today I excite the minds of writers, artists and directories. Sometimes it is compared with Angelica, some are carried out parallels with Sofia Poyotsk, Rocksolan and Isador Duncan.
In January 1917, when Mata Hari returned to Paris, she was arrested and put in prison in Saint-Lazar. Investigator Bushhardon four months interrogated a woman, allowing a lawyer in Knee only to the first and last of the interrogations. She denied his connection with German intelligence, arguing that in addition to lovers with German officers, she did not associate her. But during the investigation, French intelligence managed to decipher several radiograms of the Germans, in which an undisputed confirmation of the activities of the Agent H-21.
At the trial in July 1917, Mata Hari was incriminated to the transfer of information to the enemy, which led to the death of several divisions of soldiers. Andre Morne State Prosecutor said that "the harm that this woman inflicted is indescribable," and called Zell's "the greatest spy of our century."
The judges brought Margaret Zelely a death sentence, although she hoped for a pardon to the latter. A lawyer in Kruneu, according to some information consisting of a love relationship with Maty Hari, begged the President of France Rimon Poincare to pardon his client, but the petition was rejected.
Casman
In the early morning of October 15, 1917, prison security arrived for a sentenceded woman. Watching the guards were quite surprised: Mata Hari was indignant that before his death she was not offered to have breakfast. While she had breakfast, the coffin was delivered to the prison building. Breakfast, Greta Zelela put on a black velvet coat, a hat, black suede gloves and high-heeled shoes. She looked completely calm.
At the place of execution, on one of the shooting patients under Paris, she was already waiting for a shot team of 12 people. Mata Hari asked not to bind her hands and not to wear a dressing on his eyes. She sent an air kiss to the executioners and said: "I am ready, gentlemen." Woman accepted his death with incredible courage. When she fell to the ground, the overs-officer made a check shot into the left temple of a lying woman.
None of the relatives expressed the desire to pick up the body of the executed, so he was given to an anatomical theater. Mati Hari's head was separated, worried and was kept for a long time in the Anatomy Museum in Paris. But in 2000, the archivors unexpectedly discovered that there were no heads. They say she could have gone in 1954, when the museum moved to a new place.
Films and books
Who was Mata Hari - by a slutty curtisan, a hunter behind the hearts and wallets of rich and influential men, a smarter player and a double agent, a cunning adventurerist or a simple woman with a difficult fate, whose life was so, and not otherwise - biographers argue about it today. And people art is an amazing story of the life of the seductive spy, consisting mainly of myths and legends, inspires new creations.
The first film, whose heroines was Mata Hari, appeared in 1920. The main character in it was played by Actress Asta Nielsen. Later there was a lot of remakes of Kinodramma and a lot of books were written.
In 1932, Mark Aldanov printed an essay, which called Mata Hari. In 1992, Roman "Life and Death of Mata Hari" was published Leila Vedenbeaker. The legendary dancer inspired on the novel of the famous Paulo Coelho.
In 2009, the director Yevgeny Ginzburg put the musical "Mata Hari", the key roles in which the Tone Dolnikova, Valeria Lanskaya and Natalia Gromskina. And next year, at the stage of the "Theater of the Moon" Sergey Prokhanov, the premiere of the play "Mata Hari:" Eyes of the Day "took place.
The fateful seductress played the stars of world cinema as Greta Garbo, Merley Oberon, Francoise Fabian, Jeanne Moro and Sylvia Kristel.
In 2016, Dennis Berr and Julius Berg directed by a new series called "Mata Hari", where Vain's main heroine played. The role of the beloved dancer, Maslov's pilot, got Maxim Matveyev. The film was shot by the Ukrainian company Star Media and the Russian "First Channel".
In the dramatic tape, Oshshin Stak, Rutger Hauer, Christopher Lambert and the whole Pleiad of Russian Movie Stars: Victoria Isakov, Alexander Petrov, Ksenia Rappoport, Alexey Guskov, Svetlana Khodchenkova, Makar Zaporizhia and others. They voiced the historical drama in two languages - Russian and English.