Biography
Marco Polo -ventessian merchant, the famous traveler, a writer who wrote the famous "book about the diversity of the world", in which he told the history of his journey through Asia countries. Not all researchers agree with the reliability of the facts set forth in the book, but so far it remains one of the important sources of knowledge on history, ethnography and geography of the Asian states of the Middle Ages.
The book used navigators, cartographers, researchers, writers, travelers and discovers. She traveled with Christofore Columbus during his famous swimming in America. Marco Polo is the first of Europeans who went to a risky journey through unknown countries.
Childhood and family
Marco's birth documents are not preserved, so information about this period of his biography is inaccurate. It is believed that he was nobleman, belonged to the Venetian nobility, had the coat of arms. Born in 1254, September 15, in the family of the Venetian merchant Niccolo Polo, which traded jewelry and spices. He did not know his mother, as she died at childbirth. The boy and native aunt were engaged in education.
The birthplace of the famous traveler could also be also Poland and Croatia, which challenges this right, leading to the proof of certain facts confirming both versions. The Poles argue that Polo's surname has a Polish origin, Croatian researchers are confident that the first testimonies about the life of the famous traveler are on their land.
Whether Marco Polo was educated, it is not reliably known. The question of his literacy is controversial, since the famous book was written under the dictation of the Cameman, Pisanec Rusticiano, with whom he was in captivity in the Genoese prison. At the same time, in one of the chapters of the book it is written that while traveling he made notes to his notebook, tried to be attentive to what was happening and recorded everything new and unusual, with which it was necessary to deal with. In the future, traveling around the world, he learned several languages.
Travel and opening
Father of the future navigator, because of his profession, traveled a lot. On trips to the world, he opened new trading paths. It was his father who tweaked his son's love for traveling, talking about his wanders and adventures. In 1271, his first journey took place in which he went with his father. The end item was Jerusalem.
In the same year, a new Roman dad was chosen, who appointed Polo's family (Father, Brother Morpoo and Son Marco) official envoys to China, where at that time the country of the Mongolian Khan rules. The first stop on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea was Port Laias - the place where the goods were brought from Asia, where they bought merchants from Venice and Genoa. Next, their path passed through Malny Asia, Armenia, interfluid, where they visited Mosul and Baghdad.
The travelers are then sent to the Persian Tabriz, where in those days was the richest pearl market. In Persia, part of their maintenance was interrupted by robbers who attacked the caravan. Family Polo miraculously survived. Taking care of the thirst in the hot desert, on the verge of life and death they reached the Afghan city of Balkha and found salvation in it.
Eastern lands, on which they found themselves, continuing their journey, abounded by fruit and game. In Badakhshan, the next region, numerous slaves mined precious stones. According to one of the versions, in these places because of Marko's illness, they stopped for a year. Then, overcoming the oster of the Pamirs, went to Kashmir. Polo was surprised by local sorcerers that affect the weather, as well as the beauty of local women.
After that, the Italians were the first from Europeans in South Tien Shan. Further, the caravan went to the northeast through the oases of the desert Takla Makan. The first Chinese city on their way was Shangzhou, followed by Guangzhou and Lanchou. Polo was under a huge impression of local rituals and customs, flora and fauna of this country. It was a wonderful time of his amazing travel and discoveries.
Hana has a hubila family polo lived for 15 years. Young Marco liked Hanu independence, fearless and good memory. He became an approximate Chinese ruler, participated in state life, making important decisions, helped to recruit the army, offered to use military catapults and much more.
Performing complex diplomatic orders, Marco visited many Chinese cities, studied the language and did not cease to be surprised at the achievements and discoveries of this people. He described all this in his book. Shortly before returning to his homeland, he was appointed ruler of the Chinese provinces of Jiannan.
Khubilai did not want to let his assistant and a pet, but in 1291 sent him and all polo accompany the Mongolian Princess, who married the ruler from Persia. The path passed through Ceylon and Sumatra. In 1294, even during the journey, they received the news that Khan Khubilai died.
Polo decide to return home. The path through the Indian Ocean was very dangerous, only a little managed to overcome it. Marco Polo returned to his homeland after 24 years of wanderings in the winter of 1295.
On native land
Two years after the return, the war of Genoa and Venice begins, in which polo participates. It is captured and sitting in prison for several months. Here, according to his stories about the journey, the famous book was written.
There are 140 of its options written in 12 languages. Despite some of the speculation, the Europeans learned from it about paper money, stone coal, sage palm, places where spices and many other things are growing.
Personal life
Marco's father married again, and he had three more brothers. After the captivity in his personal life, Mark also develops everything well: he married a noble and rich in Venetsian Donate, bought a house, gave birth to three daughters and gets a nickname Mr. Million. The townspeople consider him an eccentric liar, not trusting the stories about distant wanderings. Mark lives a prosperous life, but longing on traveling, especially in China.
The only joy of Venetian carnivals delivered to him, as they resemble magnificent Chinese palaces and luxurious Khan outfits. After returning from Asia, Mark Polo lived for another 25 years. He is engaged in the homeland. The book written in the conclusion, made it famous in his life.
Polo died in 1324 in the age of 70 in Venice. I buried him in the Church of San Lorenzo, destroyed in the XIX century. His luxurious house burned down in fire fire at the end of the XIV century. About the polo brand, his life and travel, a lot of exciting films and TV shows, causing genuine interest among our contemporaries.
Interesting Facts
- The struggle for the right to be called the Motherland Marco Polo between Italy, Poland and Croatia.
- He wrote a book about his travels than and became famous.
- In recent years of life, it is discovered in it, which leads him to legal proceedings with its own family.
- Marco Polo gave the will one of his slaves and bequeathed part of his inheritance. In this regard, many assumptions appeared about the reasons for such generosity.
- The name of the Great Traveler in 1888 called the butterfly of the jaundice Marco Polo.