Biography
At the mention of the name of Ray Bradbury, everyone will think about fascinating fantastic novels. Ray Bradbury is one of the best science writers, owner of a number of literary awards, including in the genre of fiction. However, Bradbury did not consider himself a science fiction writer.
Ray Douglas Bradbury was born on August 22, 1920 in Ukygan (Illinois, USA). Father of the future writer, Leonard Spolding Bradbury (1891-1957) - a leaving from the British family, from among the first settlers in North America. We moved from England in 1630. In the autobiography there is a family legend: the great-grandmother Rei Mary Bradbury is a "Salem witch", hanged after the trial of 1692. Mom Reia - Marie Esther Moberg (1888-1966), Swede.
In addition to Ray, the family grew another son, Leonard. Two others (Sam Sam and Sister Elizabeth) died in infancy. The boy early met the death of loved ones, which left a trace in some literary works in the future.
In the family of Bradbury loved art. Attention was paid to the emerging cinema.
During the "Great Depression" in a small town, the Father could not find a job. In 1934, Bradbury's family moved to Los Angeles, settling in the house of Uncle Boy. Lived hard. After graduation, the young man worked as a newspaper seller. There was no money for the continuation of his studies. Higher education Ray did not receive. According to the writer, he replaced the library in college. Three times a week, the young man traveled behind books in the reading room. At the same time, at 12, the boy had a desire to compose himself. To buy the book by E. Berrowza "Great Warrior of Mars" there was no money, and the young writer came up with the continuation of the story himself. This is the first step of Bradbury science.
Creation
The boy decided to become a writer. Finally, the desire was formed after graduation. The first step of creativity is a publication in the local newspaper poem "Memory of Villa Rogers" in 1936. Ray wrote small stories, imitating the style of Edgar by. Henry Cattler, American science fiction writer was criticized and the advisor of the young writer.
At the age of 17, Bradbury became a member of the American community of young authors - the Los Angeles "League of Scientific Fortystifts". Stories began to go out in cheap fiction collections. A literary style has been identified inherent in the works of Bradbury. From 1939 for two years, 4 rooms of Futuria Fantasy magazine released. By 1942, the writer completely switched to literature. At this time, he wrote fifty stories a year.
Despite the meager income, Bradbury did not leave creativity. In 1947, the light saw the first collection of the story of the Writer "Dark Carnival". The collection includes the work of the 1943-1947 period. For the first time, the characters appeared: Uncle Anar (prototype - Los Angeles Uncle Ray) and the "Stranger" of CESI. The collection is cooled by the public.
In the summer of 1949, Ray Bradbury arrived by bus to New York. Settled in the Hostel of the American Association of Young Christians. Suggested stories of 12 publishers, but no one became interested. Fortunately, Don Congdon, Literary Agent Bradbury, published Dublday. Publisher at that time was preparing a collection of science fiction. Bradbury was interested in the publisher Walter Bradbury (Single Family). Walter agreed to publish Bradbury, provided that the stories thematically be combined into a novel.
For the night, Ray outlined the overall review of the future novel in the form of an essay and provided it with the publisher - it was a chain from the plots of early stories about Mars, collected into a single work. In the Martian Chronicles, Bradbury invisibly held a parallel between the development of the heroes of Mars's novel and the arrival of colonialists on the Wild West. Roman veiled showed mistakes and imperfection of humanity. The book turned the idea of science fiction. Bradbury considered the Martian Chronicles with the best work.
The World Recognition of Ray Bradbury achieved with the exit in 1953 the novel "451 degrees Fahrenheit". The novel was based on two stories: "Firemen" (not published) and "Pedestrian". The debut publication came out of parts in the magazine "Playboy", which began to gain popularity.
In the epigraph, the books say that 451 degrees Fahrenheit - the temperature of paper ignition. The plot of Roman tells about the consumer totalitarian society. The writer showed a society that set the acquisition of material values into the chapter. Books, forcing the reader to think, are to be burned together with the houses of the owners of prohibited literature. The main hero of the novel Fire Guy Montag, who participates in the burning of books, believes that it makes the right thing. Guy meets a 17-year-old girl Clarissa. Acquaintance turns over the worldview of a young man.
Roman has undergone censorship. The publishing house "Ballantine Books" for secondary schools was redone and excluded 70 pieces from the novel. In 1980, the writer demanded to make a novel without abbreviations.
In the USSR, a novel, despite the negative comments in ideological publications, was released in 1956. The film "451 degrees Fahrenheit" in 1966 was lifted by the director from France Francois Treiffo. In 1984, the "Salamandra Sign" was released on the reasons of the book.
In 1957, he was partly a biographical book "Wine from dandelions". This story Bradbury is not similar to the rest of the work. In it, children's experiences of the author are affected. The plot tells about the summer adventures of 1928 Brothers Tom and Douglas Spolding, living in the small town of Green Town. Ray is a prototype of a 12-year-old Douglas.
Bradbury wanted to create a more voluminous work. The publisher Walter Bradbury insisted on the Tale on two parts. The second part, called the author "Summer, Farewell!", I saw the light only half a century, in 2006.
Another novel, connecting Ray Bradbury with childhood, "from the dust of the rebels." This is a story about the bizarre family of Elliot, in which amazing fabulous creatures live in house. The novel includes stories "Family Meeting", "April Witchcraft", "Uncle Einar" and others. Writing the stories included in the novel, the bright memories of Ray from childhood contributed. With a ten-year-old boy, together with his brother on Haloween, he came to the tete of Neuwe. Collected corn stems and pumpkin. The aunt dressed up the boy sorcerer and hid under the staircase in the grandmother's house to frighten to the darkness of the guests. Holidays passed in a stormy fun. The writer calls the most expensive memories of that atmosphere.
The collection "Medicine from Melancholy" was released in 1960. It published stories of the 1948-1959 period. Stories: "Meadow Day" (1957), "Dragon" (1955), "Wonderful suit of creamy ice cream (1958)," The first night of the Great Post "(1956)," time to leave "(1956)," Raintime "(1959) and others. The collection is devoted to psychology, the nature of human nature.
Writer criticized the modern society all his life, considering it consumer. Bradbury believed that in the world there is not enough attention to science, the development of the space industry. People stopped dreaming about the stars, they are only interested in material. Bradbury works cried to humanity to stop soulless attitude towards the future. A vivid example is a "smile" story, the action of which is happening in the near future. People degraded, burned all the books. The main entertainment is the public destruction of the surviving items of art. On the square is the turn of those who want to spit into the picture "Mona Lisa".
The most reprinted story of Bradbury - "And thunder". The scientific fiction story is based on the "chaos theory", which is more commonly called the "Butterfly Effect". This is a work about the philic equilibrium of nature on Earth. The story of the story lies at the heart of the films and TV shows "And the thunder", the "Butterfly effect", "100 years ago".
The writer's creativity is inextricably linked with the cinema and theater. Bradbury wrote scenarios, the most famous of which is "Moby Dick." The author and a leading series of television shows from the "Theater of Ray Bradbury" cycle, which was published from 1985 to 1992.
Personal life
Invaluable support for the wife of a novice writer. The saleswoman of the bookstore of Margaret Muclure became the wife of Ray Bradbury on September 27, 1947. Incomes from stories at first did not bring big money, so at the beginning of the family life, the chief minider is a wife.
The marriage was happy and lasted to Maggie's death, as a writer Laskovo called his beloved woman, in 2003. It was to her the author dedicated to the novel "Martian Chronicles", writing: "My wife Margaret with sincere love."
Ray Bradbury and his spouse had four children - daughter Bettin, Ramon, Susan and Alexander.
Death
Ray Bradbury lived to 91 years old. Life was rich in unceasing difficulty. Every morning, in old age, the writer began at the desk. He believed that creativity extends his life. The bibliography of the writer was replenished before death. The last novel was released in 2006.
Bradbury had an extraordinary sense of humor. Somehow to the question about the age of Bradbury replied:
"Imagine headlines in all world newspapers -" Bradbury turned a hundred years! I will immediately give me some kind of award: just for the fact that I have not died. "At the age of 79, the writer had a stroke. He spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair. Bradbury died on June 5, 2012 in Los Angeles. The house of the Writer family was demolished in 2015.
Evaluation of creativity and awards
Ray Bradbury received a premium in the field of fantastic "Involta" and "Benjamin Franklin". Awarded the award of the American Academy, nominated in the "Hall of Glory" Promey Prize (1984). On the science of science, the national medal in the field of art (2004) and the title "Grand Master". Ray Bradbury - Laureate of the Pulitzer Prize (2007) and the Bram Stoker premium in the nomination "For all life."
The name of Ray Bradbury is asteroid. NASA Space Lab decided to give the name of the first writer, who presented the existence of life on Mars Planting MSL Curiosity to the Red Planet. "International Astronomical Union" October 15, 2015 approved the name "Bradbury" crater on Mars.
On the Hollywood "Alley of Glory" there is a star of Ray Bradbury.
Books
- "Martian Chronicles"
- "451 degrees Fahrenheit"
- "Wine from dandelions"
- "The trouble is coming"
- "Death is a lonely thing"
- "Cemetery for madness"
- "Green shadows, white whale"
- "Somewhere playing an orchestra"
- "Leviafan-99"