Biography
Titov Herman Stepanovich - Cosmonaut of the USSR, whose biography entered the history of Soviet and world cosmonautics. He committed a second flight after Yuri Gagarin into the orbit of the Earth and first spent in space for more than a day, making 17 revolutions around the planet.Childhood and youth
The future cosmonaut was born on September 11, 1935 in the village of Verkh-Zhilino Kosikhinsky district of the Altai Territory. By the sign of the zodiac boy - Virgo. Father Stepan Pavlovich Titov, Russian by nationality, taught his native language and literature in a rural school. He loved the poetry of Alexander Pushkin, he himself wrote poems, engaged in painting and playing musical instruments. Alexander Mikhailovna's mother was a housewife.
At the end of 1941, the Titov was born a daughter, which Stepan Pavlovich called in honor of the heroine of Pushkin Zemfira. Later, the sister Herman was received by pharmaceutical education, became an employee of the management of pharmacies of the Moscow region.
During the war, the father went to the front, and his mother with children moved to the commune May morning, where the elder Herman graduated from elementary school. After Stepan Titov demobilized, the family moved to the village of Polkovnikovo, and in another 4 years - in a nipital. Herman learned well and always pleased parents with high estimates.
Astronaut
Hermann Titov career began like a military pilot. In 1955, the young man enters the Kustanai Military Aviation School. Two years later, Herman became a cadet of the Stalingrad Aviation School, which ends with honors and receives a military pilot diploma. Hermann Stepanovich is sent to the aviation fighter regiment located on the territory of the Leningrad region. During the service in the Air Force, Hermann Titov made 800 departures on military aircraft with reactive and piston engines. On the air service list, a thousand jumps with parachute.
In 1960, German Titov was approved by the USSR Space Forces Group. He entered the first twenty cosmonauts, who were preparing E. Karpov, V. Yazdovsky, N. Gurovsky, O. Gazenko, A. Genin. Titov trained together with Valery Bykovsky, Andria Nikolaev, Pavel Popovich, Alexei Leonov. Hermann Titov showed excellent results and was appointed Doupler Yuri Gagarin when preparing for the first flight.
The Special State Commission solved the question of whom the first to send to space. On April 8, the candidacy of Yuri Gagarin was determined to perform the atomic flight around the Earth, which was held at an altitude of 180-230 km for one and a half hours and ended the landing in a given area.
The most painful after sending an astronaut in orbit was the expectation of his prosperous return. The flight was held in normal mode, and already on April 14, a grand salute was held in Moscow in honor of the first flight of a person in space. Immediately the preparation of Herman Titov, who was to perform an extended range of tasks.
After the first launch of the rocket with a person on board, the East Cosmonauts detachment continued to prepare, and on August 6-7, Hermann Titov, with a call engine, made a launch of the land record for that time. The ship of the second cosmonaut of the USSR was called "East-2". In Space, German Stepanovich was 25 hours, he made 17 turns in orbit, which amounted to 703 thousand kilometers.
Cosmonaut In the framework of work in space, a manual control of the spacecraft was tested, including various maneuvers. Titov first tried a space dinner, slept in weightlessness. Herman made photos of the planet from space.
Capsule with a cosmonaut landed in the Saratov region next to the city of Red Kut. In flight with German Titov there was a funny case. He was allocated time to sleep - from 19 o'clock to 2 nights. But, waking up 10 minutes before the end of this period, Herman decided to take a nap and slept 35 minutes. This case was even folded the anecdote, mentioning Armenian radio and alarms of the Yerevan Plant in it.
Later recalling flight, Herman Titov told another incident, who happened to him immediately after landing. Dressed in the astronaut's skateman with a parachute behind his back, the inhabitants of the area were accepted for the scout and did not leave for a long time before clarifying circumstances. The return of the cosmonaut gave rise to rumor about radial illness, which began in Germany after the flight. It was alleged that the pilot was bald, became blind and lost the opportunity to have children. These rumors have fun Herman and his family, and after the birth of two daughters, the cosmonaut's irradiation conversations were made.
Hermann Titov was only 25 years old, and he became the youngest pilot, visiting the orbit in the history of astronautics. His job duties expanded, and he became a pilot test.
On August 10, Herman Titov was awarded the title Hero of the USSR, the cosmonaut pilot was awarded the Order of Lenin and the "Golden Star" medal. In addition to Soviet awards, there are also medals and orders of other states: Vietnam, Mongolia, Bulgaria, Romania, Congo, Syria.
Titov - author 6 books dedicated to space. The most famous of them are "700 thousand kilometers in space", "Seventeen Space Cosmic" written in 1961-1962.
As part of the first squad, Hermann Titov was within 10 years. During this time, he graduated from the Air Engineering Academy, participated in the Spiral training program, experienced aircraft MiG-21 and Su-7, Su-9, Su-11, Yak-28, Yak-25RV, etc. in 1970 The year German Titov entered the Military Academy of the General Staff.
Hermann Titov has repeatedly participated in the creation of documentary scientific and popular films. In 1961, he became a hero of tapes "Moscow meets astronaut-2" and "back to the stars." A year later, a film of the cosmonaut's book "700,000 kilometers in space" was created, the film "In the 35th time across the equator" appeared on Titov's trip to the countries of the Asian continent.
In the new century about the cosmonaut, documentary tapes "Second. Hermann Titov "," Hermann Titov. The first after Gagarin, "" Hermann Titov. Star over Altai. " The image of the astronaut embodied on the screen Actor Vadim Michman, playing in the art drama "Gagarin. First in space. " In the film, Yaroslav Sorry, Mikhail Filippov, Vladimir Gliskov, Inga Obold, was also starred.
After the end of the Academy, German Titov was appointed deputy head of the Center for the Management of Space Activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union. Since 1973, he worked on a governing position on research programs in the field of astronautics. With the participation of Hermann Titov, a project was launched on the creation of marine ships of the measuring complex, in particular the Ship "Marshal Dispense".
At 45, Hermann Stepanovich defended his nominal candidate on military sciences, the title of Doctor of Science was assigned to the mid-1980s. In 1988, Herman Titov was awarded the title of Colonel-General Aviation.
In 1991, German Titov resigned to the reserve, but did not leave the space sphere. Titov joined the position of President of the International Center "Kosmoflot", 2 years served as Deputy Head of the Council of the Conversion Center. In 1999 he headed the Federation of Cosmonautics of the Russian Federation.
All his life, German Titov engaged in the question of investigating the causes of the death of his comrade and predecessor Yuri Gagarin. By March 2001, Herman was going to complete the research, but did not have time.
Personal life
The personal life of the cosmonaut pilot was associated with one woman. In 1958, Ukrainian Tamara Vasilyevna Cherkas became the wife of Hermann Titov, from which the pilot met, being a summer school student. In 1963, the first daughter of Tatiana was born in the Titian family, and in two years - Galina.
The eldest daughter after the end of the Economic Faculty of MGIMO worked in the Ministry of Foreign Trade. In 1989 she had a son Andrei. Junior Galina, graduating from the Institute of Military Translators, worked as a UN representation in Russia.
Death
Hermann Stepanovich died suddenly from a heart attack at the age of 65, September 20, 2000. His grave is located on the Novodevichy cemetery. The memory of Germany Titov was immortalized in many areas. In his honor, the names of the crater on the moon, the island and the underwater mountain in the ocean, as well as institutions, Aeroflot, schools, gymnasiums.
In the cities of Russia and the former republics of the USSR, more than 45 streets are named after Herman Titov. 11 years after the death of the pilot in a small homeland, in the school building Sela Polkovnikovo, where Herman studied and he taught his father, a memorial museum was opened.
Awards
- 1961 - Hero of the Soviet Union
- 1961 - two orders of Lenin
- 1961 - Medal "For the development of virgin lands"
- 1961 - Honored Master of Sports of the USSR
- 1976 - Order of the Labor Red Banner
- 1985 - Order of the October Revolution
- 1991 - Honored Specialist of the USSR Armed Forces
- 1995 - Order "For Services to Fatherland" III degree
- 2000 - Gratitude to the President of the Russian Federation