Biography
The leaving of the low-income family Joseph Goebbels became one of the most recognizable political figures of the 20th century, which is still writing books ("Prelude Barbarossa"), films are removed. The weak health of Goebbels could command the crowd with one word, for which he received the favor of the chief ruler of the Third Reich.Childhood and youth
The future Gauleiter was born on October 29 in Germany, in a raid, a small town of industrial type. In the family of Goebbels there were no leaders of power and people prone to politics.
The father of Joseph Friedrich worked as an employee in the lamp factories, and then engaged in the accounting department, and Mary's mother led a household and brought up a child, in addition to Josef in the family there were five more children: two sons and three daughters. Maria was a native of Holland and did not have primary education, so until the end of his life spoke at the spaticral German dialect.
Seven people lived in cramped conditions, sometimes even lacked money for food, because Friedrich was the only breadwinner.
Therefore, from early childhood, Josef was embossed due to injustice in the world: rich have a lot of money and make up the work of ordinary workers, which there was a family of a future policy.
In the genus Goebbels there were no aristocrats and eminent personalities. Goebbels personally publishes its genealogical tree, refuting the rumors that Jews were in the genus Gauter.
The family in which Joseph rose was distinguished by piousness, father and mother of the future policies professed Catholicism and talked her son to religiosity. Friedrich taught children that success in life can be achieved at the expense of leaning and hard labor, so Joseph since childhood knew what kind of savings, and what it was to deny themselves in luxury.
The future associate of Adolf Hitler rose a painful child, he had weak health, survived the inflammation of the lungs, which could end with a fatal outcome. Most likely, the young man was colded due to the fact that in the house of the Goebbels family due to the lack of money there was no heating.
When the boy was 4 years old, he survived a serious illness - purulent inflammation in the bone marrow: osteomyelitis led to the fact that the young man began to lick: the leg became shorter on 10 centimeters due to the operation on the hip.
In the biographical diary, Goebbels recalled that peers did not love him because of the deformation of the right leg, so a little boy was alone and often played on the piano, since the child had almost no friends.
Although the family of Dr. Goebbels was a believer, Joseph began to skeptically refer to any manifestation of religion, this was facilitated by his illness. The young man believed that he was unjustly physically inferior, and therefore there was no higher force. Cynicism, skepticism and cornpiece - these features of the character developed in the boy from an early age.
Later, injury also played on the pride of the young Josef, since in the midst of the First World War, because of his physical injury, he was refused to take a volunteer in the army, unlike the peers, which was 16-17 years old. Goebbels considered this circumstance by the main disgrace in life, and besides, having fun in every way to humiliate Josef.
Consolation from the loneliness of Goebbels screams from books: The future politician in childhood was a smart one and diligently studied literature. In addition to the literature, the favorites of the young Josef were antique mythology and ancient Greek language.
Goebbels studied in one of the best schools of Reidt and established himself as an intelligent student, which was given any items.
After graduating from the gymnasium, Goebbels studies objects at Universities Bonn, Würzburg, Freiburg and Munich. The Catholic organization named after Albert Great, in which Goebbels's parents consisted, issued an interest-free loan to his young people: Maria and Friedrich wanted their son to become pastor.
However, the student refused to the desire of the parents and did not become diligently to engage in theology: the young Goebbels preferred philology, history, literature and other humanitarian items. One of Powl's favorite writers is Dostoevsky. The politician himself later called the Russian philosopher "Spiritual Father." However, it is not surprising, because in the life of Goebbels resembled the characters of the works of Fyodor Mikhailovich.
In the youth Powl Joseph Goebbels dreamed of getting the education of the journalist and tried himself in a literary field as a poet and playwright. In the summer of 1919, Joseph began work on the first autobiographical story "Young Youth Years of Michael Forman."
At the University of the name of Ruprecht and Karl, located in the city of Heidelberg, Goebbels protects the doctoral dissertation on the creativity of the little-known playwright Wilhelm von Schutz. Later, Gauleter at a convenient case boasts this achievement, and many of him were called Dr. Goebbels.
Nazi activity
The writer's activities of the future companion of Hitler did not set himself, Paul is trying to publish works, but these attempts are not crowned with success.
The last drop of the patience of Goebbels was that theater was refused to put a sentimental and foxive play by Der Wanderer (which means "Wanderer") written by Josef.
As a result of these events, Goebbels decided that he was not on the way with the literature, and preferences political goals.
So in 1922, Joseph is adjacent to the left wing of the National Socialist German Workers Party, which at the time leads Otto Strasser.
In 1924, Dr. Goebbels tries himself in journalistic activity, becomes the editor of the propaganda newspaper Völkische Freiheit, and in the fall of 1925 Paul Joseph working on "National Socialist Letters", which belonged to the Print Body, focused around the Stenser brothers. During the editorial activity of Goebbels around Adolf Hitler, the glory of a bad policy went, especially after an unsuccessful attempt to capture state power (beer Pull, 1923).
Therefore, initially Joseph openly performed in his articles against the Führera, calling him "Bourgeois": Initially, Goebbels considered himself a socialist and faithful servant of the working class, and also trembled to the USSR, considering this country sacred.
At the two-hour meeting in Bamberg in 1926, which was devoted to the criticism of the worldview of Strasser, Hitler condemned socialism, calling him the creation of seven, and also fiercely defended the point of view on the belonging to the Germans to Smexi. The speech of Hitler disappointed Goebbels, which he wrote about in his diary.
Hitler tried to remove the doctor to his worldview of the world, and soon the Furere succeeded: after acquaintance with Adolf Hitler Goebbels completely change his position about belonging to the party, and about the former love for the Soviet Union and is trying to be silent at all.
A few years later, being a party figure, Goebbels returned to the writer, changing the story "Mikhael" and finished the "Wanderer" play, which was shown in Berlin in the fall of 1927. The only edition that did not criticize Der Wanderer was the Der Angriff newspaper, which was under the guidance of Joseph.
Minister Propaganda
The very idea of Nazi propaganda came to Hitler after the events of the beer coup in the 1920s. Being in custody, the Führer writes the book Mein Kampf ("My struggle"), which reflects the spiritual mood of Adolf. Based on this experience, on March 11, 1933, Reichskanzler decided to create the Imperial Ministry of Folk Enlightenment and Propaganda, where Joseph Goebbels became the main thing.
The success of Nazi ideology among Germans was largely due to the brilliant oratory of the leaders of the party, as well as the media. Youth hobbies of literature and journalism came to Josef to hand. Due to the intelligibility in psychology and the ability to competently present the thoughts of Goebbels knew how to make the crowd raise his hands up with the exclamation of "Heil Hitler!"
Paul believed that the primitive population of the street likes to listen to, rather than talk, and to express themselves with the usual people need a simple and understandable language, sometimes repeating the same statement several times.
"Propaganda should be popular, not pleasant intellectually. The search for intellectual truth is not included in the tasks of propaganda, "said German politician.Thanks to Goebbels speeches on the German streets there were bloody battles between the Communists and National Socialists. On January 14, 1930, the Son of the priest Horst Vessel was mortally wounded by a shot at the head of the Communist Party ("Union of Red Frontovikov"). This news was pleased with Goebbels, because thanks to the information about the information about his press, Joseph was able to set up society against Untermenes - adherents of the Communist Party.
With the help of the fourth government, Goebbels manipulated people, praised the Nazism and settled the Germans against Jews and Communists. If for many countries, journalism was only a political tool, then for Joseph the media personified infinite power. And it did not matter whether the inhabitants of Germany knew about the exact tasks of the Third Reich, but it was fundamentally that the people would go for the leader.
Some attribute to Goebbels quote: "Give me the media, and I will make a flock of pigs from any people," but historians believe that Joseph did not speak.
The Second World War
Goebbels supported the aggressive Fuhrer policy, which in the winter of 1933 spoke to the German armed forces with a proposal to conquer the territory of the East and violation of the peaceful Versailles.The main activity of Joseph in World War II was the same anti-communist propaganda: Goebbels inspired hopeful speeches in front-line speeches, however, in the course of war, as well as diplomatic issues, Joseph did not go away. That is, Hitler was the leader of the German people, and Joseph Goebbels is an inspirer.
In 1943, when the fascist army threatened defeat, the propagandist said to the elder speech about the "Total War", calling for using all available means to help win.
In 1944, Josef was appointed mainly on mobilization. But, despite this position, Goebbels continued to support German soldiers, declaring that he was waiting for them in his homeland even in case of defeat.
Holocaust
This term has two meanings, narrow and wide. In the first sense, the Holocaust is identified with the massive persecution and the death of the Jews living in Germany; In a broad sense, this concept denotes the destruction of many races during World War II, which do not belong to the Aryans. Also the Nazis were persecuted by defective people (according to the fascists): old men and disabled.
Joseph Goebbels became the first politician of the Third Reich, who discovered his anti-Semitic hostility. Historians are confused in guesses, from where the hatred of the Jews from the representative of German propaganda appeared. Some believe that Goebbels had unversed this nationality since childhood. Others are confident that the old fan of Hitler sought to indulge in all of him: after the arrival in Politics, Joseph demanded from Adolf to solve the Jewish question. The problem of the Jews was discussed by Hitler and Goebbels practically at each meeting.
Interestingly, Goebbels was contrary to himself, because he completely rejected the idea of scientific racism.
It was estimated at 1942 in the capital of Germany there were about 62 thousand seven, who tried to drive up to the east. Joseph knew that most of the philivation hated by him was subjected to cruel destruction and torture in concentration camps, but the propagandist was not against such a policy, considering that the Jews deserve it.
By order of Goebbels, the socialist doctrines of Marx, Engels and other politicians were massively burned. The books of literary writers were also in the fire: Tolstoy, Gorky, Rollan, etc.
Personal life
Paul Josef Goebbels was far from his handsome: a lame and a low man in 165 cm with yurt eyes and a long nose tried to increase self-esteem, which was expressed in his sexual concern.
On December 19, 1931, Goebbels marries his beloved Magde, who enthusiastically speeches Josef. The pair is born six children. Hitler adored Magdalene and considered the relative girlfriend.
Legal marriage did not interfere with Goebbels enjoy the female society on the side: German politician has not yet been noticed in the circle of girls of easy behavior and often participated in orgies.
Also, the Nazi was fond of the Czech actress Lida Baarova, which contradicted the German ideology. Goebbels had to be humiliating to the party members for his love relationship.
Goebbels contemporaries said that the doctor was a fun man: in many photos and video footage, Goebbels does not hide the sincere laughter. However, Brungilda Pomzel, former secretary of Joseph, recalled in one interview that the propagandist was a cold and worn person.
Death
On April 18, 1945, Goebbels lost the hope of the personal last records. After the defeat of the fascist army, the ruler of the Third Reich is deified by GBBels, together with the wife of Eva Brown. According to the testament Adolf Joseph was to become Reichskanzler.
The suicide of the Fuhrer led Goebbels to a mental shock: he regretted that Germany lost such a person, and stated that he would follow his example.
After the death of Hitler, Josef had hope to escape, but the Soviet Union refused to go to negotiations. Propagandist along with children and wife Magda moved to the bunker located on the territory of Berlin.
In the spring of 1945 on the territory of the bunker at the request of Magdalen, all six children are made injections of morphine, and cyanide is placed in the mouth. At night, Goebbels and his wife are departed behind the salts of blue acid. Further about the murder of children and suicide of Goebbels spouses. Nothing unknown: On May 2, 1945, Russian soldiers found charred remains of seven people.
Quotes
- "The goal of the National Revolution should be a totalitarian state penetrating all spheres of public life."
- "We pour a cold shower refutation."
- "The dictator does not need to follow the will of the majority. However, he must be able to use the will of the people. "
- "Propaganda loses force as soon as it becomes clear."
- "Jurisprudence is a selling policy of politicians."