Biography
Aram Khachaturian is the Soviet composer of Armenian origin, the author of Spartak ballets, "Gayane", musical suite "Masquerade".
Aram was born on June 6, 1903 in the village of Kodjori not far from the capital of Georgia. Soon the family moved to Tiflis. Father Yejia (Ilya) Khachaturian was an artisan, owner of a binding workshop. He married a fellow village, with which he was engaged since childhood, Ilya moved from his native village to the top Aza, which is on the border with Iran, to central Georgia.
Kumash Sarkisovna's mother was 10 years old with her husband and was engaged in household. Five children were born in the family - the daughter of Ashchen and Sons Vaginak, Suren, Levon, Aram, but the girl died in infancy.
Mother loved to sing Armenian songs, and the younger son of Aram at that time he played her on everything that came down at hand: saucepan or copper pelvis. The zeal to music was not welcomed in the family, the father was striving to give good education to all sons, so Arami soon determined the private gymnasium of Princess Argutinsky-Dolgorukova. In childhood, the boy easily mastered, besides his own, still Georgian and Russian languages.
The atmosphere of streets and alleys of a multinational city was saturated with musical sounds, which flew out from everywhere. Regularly, the separation of the Russian music society received Fedor Shalyapin, Sergey Rakhmaninova, Konstantin Igumnova. In Tiflis, the Italian Opera House acted. The boy involuntarily absorbed the melodies and rhythms of different peoples living in the capital of Georgia. When the father acquired the old piano, Aram learned to pick up songs.
In 1921, the elder brother Aram Sureren arrived for the summer in Tiflis, who at that time already lived in Moscow. I studied at Moscow University for the historian, the young man settled to work in MHT. Suren tightly communicated with the founders of the Russian Theater: Stanislavsky, Nemirovich-Danchenko, Solerzhitsky, Vakhtangov and Mikhail Chekhov. Falling by the idea of creating the National Armenian Theater, Suren came to his homeland to seek talented compatriots to study in Moscow. Together with theators in the capital of Russia, the Brothers Surena Levon and Aram went.
In Moscow, young people plunged into the cultural life of the city with head: visited Opera, ballet, performances of symphony orchestras, dramatic performances. The poet Vladimir Mayakovsky was performed a big impression on Aram. After a year, Khachaturian entered the biological faculty of the university, but the love of music took her: the young man began to attend also the musical school of Gnesins, in which the composition of the composition was only created. Mikhail Fabianovich Gnesin became the first teacher Khachaturian, the meeting with which he identified the creative biography of a young man.
Music
Khachaturian, who began to study the theory of music and music literacy too late, at first it was very difficult. In the school, Aram, in addition to the piano, mastered the game to the cello. The first samples of writing music turned out to be successful: "Dance for violin and piano" still enters the piggy bank of the violin repertoire. After graduating from the school, in 1926, Aram goes to their homeland, where he heads the musical branch of the Moscow House of Culture.
In 1929, Khachaturian returns to Moscow, where he enters the Moscow Conservatory to the class of composer Nikolai Yakovlevich Meskovsky. Khachaturian tools were taught Ringold Gliere and Sergey Vasilenko. During these years, Aram creates Suite for Viola and Piano, Piano "Toccatu", "Seven Fugues for the Royal". Trio for piano, violin and clarinet highly appreciated Sergey Prokofiev, who arranged to the premiere of this work in Paris. In 1933, on the stage of the Moscow Conservatory performed by the Symphony Orchestra, "Dance Suite" sounded.
The first symphony became the graduation work. After graduating from graduate school in 1936, Khachaturian created the first piano concert, which immediately entered the repertoire of the Soviet pianist Lion Oborin. In the works of Aram connects the eastern flavor of harmony and melodies with Western European musical traditions. The writings of Aram Khachaturian were performed by Soviet musicians D. Justrakh, L. Kogan, M. Polyakin, Ya. Flier, foreign performers U. Kapell, A. Rubinstein.
In the prewar years, Aram Khachaturian is prescribed by the Deputy Chairman of the Union of Composers of the USSR. He writes ballet "Happiness", the first violin concert, music to Drama Mikhail Lermontov "Masquerade" and comedy Lope de Vega "Valensian widow". Waltz from Suite Masquerade entered the number of the best works of symphonic music of the XX century.
During the war, Aram Khachaturian evacuated to Perm, where the ballet "Gayane" compounds, whose bright numbers are "lullaby" and "dance with sabers". The musician composes the "symphony with bells", the patriotic works of the "Song of the captain Gastello" and the March "Heroes of Patriotic". The music of the composer is broadcast on the All-Union Radio. The Creativity of Khachaturian according to right appreciated the Soviet government, assigning the composition of the Stalinist Prize I degree. At the end of the war, the Master's "Hymn of Armenia" appears from under the master. In 1946, Aram Khachaturian completes the first cello concert, in a year - the third symphony.
In 1948, Aram Khachaturian experienced shock after the release of the Politburo, in which his work, as well as the music of Shostakovich and Prokofiev, were named formalism. After the attacks of the party, the first major work of the master - the ballet "Spartak" - appeared only in 1954. From the mid-50s, ballet firmly entered the repertoire of many theatrical teams of the USSR and abroad. The music of Khachaturian was raised by the Soviet balletmusers L. Jacobson, I. Moiseev, Yu. Grigorovich.
From the beginning of the 1950s, Aram Khachaturian is gaining a first course of the composition at the Moscow Conservatory and in the Gnesin Institute. Aram Ilyich brought up the masted Soviet composers Andrei Eshpaya, Rostislav Boyko, Alexei Rybnikova, Mikael Tariverdieva, Mark Mincova, Vladimir Dashkevich. His support was used by Arno Babadzhanyan, Alexander Harutyunyan and Edward Mirzoyan.
Aram Khachaturian engaged in conducting and traveled with the performances of major centers of the Soviet Union, Europe and America. The composer wrote music to the films "Admiral Ushakov", "Jordan Bruno", "Othello", "Stalingrad Battle". In the 60s, consecutive rapeseed concerts for violin, cello, piano, in the 70s, the composer creates a series of sonatas for string instruments.
Personal life
Aram Ilyich Khachaturian was married twice. From his first marriage, he remained the daughter of Nune, who received a musical education and devoted the life of pianistic activities. The first union did not last long. In 1933, Aram Khachaturian, being divorced, was married for the second time on Nina's classmate Vladimirovna Makarova.
In the second marriage, the only son of the composer Karen was born, who later became a famous artist. The relations of Aram Khachaturian and Nina Makarova are dedicated to television movie from the series "more than love", in the creation of which the certificates of relatives and photos from the family archive were used.
Death
The last years of the life of Aram Ilyich darned constant diseases. The composer spent a lot of time in the hospital.
In 1976, Nina Vladimirovna died, after which the musician is finally a Snik. On May 1, 1978, the heart of Aram Khachaturian stopped. The grave of the composer is located in Yerevan, in the park named after Commitas.
Interesting Facts
Several interesting facts from the life of the composer:- The last room of the Ballet "Gayane" Aram Ilyich wrote less than half a day. As a result, the "dance with sabers" became the most favorite work of Joseph Stalin.
- "Anthem Armenia" Aram Khachaturian composed the summer evening, sitting in the working office of the Yerevan apartment. Having started serving the melody, the composer discovered that light lights up in the windows of neighboring houses and people appear, which pick up singing.
- Aram Khachaturian loved dogs and in honor of the donated puppy Lyj (by the name of two notes), when he wrote, wrote a play "Lyado seriously sick."
- There is a story about how one day, being in Spain, Khachaturian visited El Salvador Dali. According to the legend, the meeting ended with curious way out of a naked artist under the sound of "dance with sabers" in front of the composer. Authorship Anecdota is attributed to Mikhail Weller.
Work
- Dance for violin and piano - 1926
- Toccata for Piano - 1932
- Dance Suite - 1933
- Symphony number 1 - 1934
- First concert for piano with orchestra - 1936
- First concert for violin with orchestra - 1940
- Ballet "Gayane" - 1942
- Symphony number 2 "Symphony with bell" - 1943
- Suite from music to the play "Masquerade" - 1944
- The first concert for Cello with the orchestra. - 1946.
- Ballet "Spartak" - 1954