Biography
Woland from Roman Bulgakova said: "Never ask for nothing! Never anything, and especially those who are stronger than you. Yourself will offer and everyone will give everything! ".This quotation from the immortal work "Master and Margarita" characterizes the life of the Austrian composer Franz Schubert, familiar to the majority on the song "Ave Maria" ("Third Song Ellen").
In life, he did not strive for glory. Although the works of the Austrian and distributed from all the salons of Vienna, Schubert lived extremely poorly. Once the writer posted his coat on the balcony with the pockets inside out. This gesture was addressed to creditors and meant that we had nothing more to take from Schubert. With the sweetness of Glory only fleetingly, Franz died at the 31st age. But later, this musical genius became recognized not only in his homeland, but also around the world: the creative heritage of Schubert is immense, he composed about a thousand works: songs, waltz, sonatas, serenad and other compositions.
Childhood and Youth
Franz Peter Schubert was born in Austria, not far from the picturesque city of Vienna. A gifted boy grew in a conventional poor family: his father is a school teacher Franz Theodore - took place from the peasant kind, and the Mother - the cook of Elizabeth (nee Fitz) was the daughter of the repairman from Silesia. In addition to Franz, the spouses brought up four more children (out of 14 children born 9 died in infancy).
It is not surprising that the future maestro showed a love for notes, because in his house there was constantly "pulled" music: Schubert-Sr. adored amateurly playing the violin and cello, and Brother Franz was fond of piano and key. Franz Jr. was surrounded by the delightful world of melodies, since the welcoming family of Schuberts often received guests, arranging musical evenings.
Noticing the talent of his son, which at the seven age aged on the keys without studying notes, the parents identified Franz to the church-parish school of Likhtental, where the boy tried to master the game on the body, and M. Holzer taught young Schubert to the vocal art, which he mastered the glory.
When the future composer turned 11 years old, he was adopted by a chorister in court chapel, which was in Vienna, and also enrolled in school with a guesthouse Convict, where he got better friends. In an educational institution, Schubert was jealously comprehended by musical adhesions, however, mathematics and Latin granted the boys.
It is worth saying that in the talent of the young Austrian no one doubted. Wentsell Ruzhichka, who taught the French Bass's voice of a multi-voice musical composition, somehow stated:
"I have nothing to teach him! He all knows from the Lord God. "And in 1808, Schubert was admitted to the joy of Parents to the Imperial Choir. When the boy turned 13 years old, he independently wrote his first serious musical composition, and after 2 years with the young man he began to engaged by the recognized composer Antonio Salieri, who did not even take money from the young french money reward.
Music
When Schubert's sonorous voice began to break, the young composer for a reasonable reason was forced to leave the convict. Father Franz dreamed that he entered the teacher's seminary and went on his footsteps. Schubert could not withstand the will of his parent, so after graduation began to work at school, where I taught the alphabet to younger grads.
However, a person whose life was in passion for music, noble teacher labor was not like. Therefore, between the lessons that caused only contempt among Franz, he sat down at the table and composed the works, and also studied the works of Mozart, Beethoven and Glukka.
In 1814, he wrote Opera "Messenger Castle Satan" and Mass Fa Major. And by 20 years, Schubert became the author of at least five symphony, seven sonatas and three hundred songs. The music did not leave the thoughts of Schubert for a minute: a talented writer woke up even in the middle of the night to have time to write a melody that sounded in a dream.
In his free time, Austrian arranged musical evenings: in the house of Schubert, who did not move away from the piano and often improvised, familiar and close friends appeared.
In the spring of 1816, Franz tried to get to the position of head of the choir Chapel, but his plans were not destined to be fulfilled. Soon Schubert thanks to the friends met with the famous Austrian Bariton Johann Foglla.
It was this artist who helped Schubert to establish himself in life: he performed songs under Franz accompaniment in Music salons of Vienna.
But it is impossible to say that Austrian owned the keyboard tool as virtuoso as, for example, Beethoven. He did not always make a proper impression on the listening public, so the spectators' attention was paid to the visa.
In 1817, Franz becomes the author of the music to the song "Trout" on the words of his namesake Christian Schubert. Also, the composer became famous for the music to the famous ballad of the German writer Goethe Lesnoy Tsar, and in the winter of 1818, the work of Franz "Erlafsee" was published by the publisher, although the editorial staff was constantly found before the fame of Schubert.
It is worth noting that during the years of the peak of popularity, Franz got profitable dating. So, his comrades (Writer Bauernfeld, Composer Huittenbrenner, Artist Schwind and other buddies) helped the musician money.
When Schubert was finally convinced of his vocation, in 1818 he left job at school. But his father did not like the spontaneous decision of the Son, so he deprived his adult child of material assistance. Because of this, the French had to ask for the night with friends.
Fortune in the life of the composer was a very changeable. Opera "Alfonso and Estrella" on the writings of the Schever, which Franz considered his luck, was rejected. In this regard, the material situation of Schubert worsened. Also in 1822 the composer infected the disease that undermined his health. In the middle of Summer, Franz moved to the joy, where he settled in the estate of Count Johanna Esterhazi. There Schubert taught music lessons to his children.
In 1823, Schubert becomes an honorary member of the Schini and Lingi musical unions. In the same year, the musician composes the "Beautiful Mellenchika" song cycle for the words of the poet Romance Wilhelm Müller. In these songs, it is told about the young man who went to search for happiness.
But the happiness of a young man was in love: when he saw a miller's daughter, the Cupid arrow rushed in his heart. But the beloved drew attention to his rival, a young hunter, so the joyful and elevated sense of the traveler soon turned into a desperate grief.
After the grand success of "Beautiful Melnichi" in the winter and in the fall of 1827, Schubert works on another cycle called "Winter Way". Music, written in the words of Muller, is distinguished by pessimism. Franz himself called his brainchild "wreath of creepy songs." It is noteworthy that so gloomy compositions about undivided love Schubert wrote shortly before his own death.
The biography of Franz indicates that sometimes he had to live in a dilapidated attic, where he with the light of the burning rachin composed the great works on the nurses of the felling paper. The composer was extremely poor, but he did not want to exist on monetary help.
"What will happen to me ..." wrote Schubert, "I, perhaps, will have to take old age, like a hetevian harper, walk out of the door on the door and ask for ahead of bread."But Franz could not and assume that he would not be old age. When the musician was on the verge of despair, the goddess of fate again smiled at him: in 1828, Schubert was elected a member of the Vienna Society of Music Friends, and on March 26, the composer gave the author's concert for the first time. The performance was triumphal, and the hall burst out from loud applause. On this day, Franz in the first and last time in his life found out what a real success is.
Personal life
In life, the great composer was very timid and shy. Therefore, many of the envoy of the writer were made on his gullibility. Franz's material situation has become a stumbling block on the way to happiness, because his beloved chose a rich groom.
Schubert's love was called Teresa Horb. With this special Franz met, being in church choir. It is worth noting that the rules-haired girl did not hear the beauty, but, on the contrary, had an ordinary appearance: her pale face was "decorated" traces from smallpox, and rare and white eyelashes were "mounted" on the eyelids.
But no appearance attracted Schubert in choosing the lady of the heart. He was flattened by the fact that Teresa with trepid and inspiration listened to music, and during these moments her face acquired a ruddy look, and happiness glowed in his eyes.
But, since the girl was brought up without his father, her mother insisted that she chose the latter between love and money. Therefore, Gorb married a wealthy pastryer.
The rest of the personal life of Schubert is very scarce. According to rumors, the composer in 1822 was infected with Syphilis - at that time an incurable disease. Based on this, it can be assumed that Franz did not disappear to visit public houses.
Death
In the fall of 1828, Franz Schubert was tormented by a two-week fever caused by an infectious disease of the intestine - abdominal typhoid. On November 19, at the age of 32 incomplete years, the Great Composer died.
Austrian (according to the last wishes) buried on the Vering Cemetery next to the grave of his idol - Beethoven.
Interesting Facts
- For funds reversed from a triumphal concert, which took place in 1828, Franz Schubert acquired a piano.
- In the fall of 1822, the composer wrote "Symphony No. 8", which entered the story as "an unfinished symphony". The fact is that at first Franz created this product in the form of an outline, and then in the score. But for the incomprehensible reason, Schubert never finished work on the brainchild. According to rumors, the rest of the manuscripts were lost and stored with the Austrian's friends.
- Some mistakenly attribute to Schubert authorship the name of the play-expression. But the phrase "musical moment" came up with the publisher Leiddessdorf.
- Schubert adored Goethe. The musician dreamed of meeting closer with this famous writer, but his dream was not destined to be fulfilled.
- Schubert's big d major symphony found 10 years after his death.
- In honor of the play Franz "Rosamunda" was named asteroid, which was opened in 1904.
- After the grave of the composer, the mass of unnecessary manuscripts remained. For a long time, people did not know what was written by Schubert.
Discography
Songs (more than 600)
- Cycle "Beautiful Mellenchikha" (1823)
- Cycle "Winter Way" (1827)
- Collection "Swan Song" (1827-1828, posthumous)
- About 70 songs on the texts Goethe
- About 50 songs on Schiller texts
Symphony
- First D-DUR (1813)
- Second B-DUR (1815)
- Third d-dur (1815)
- Fourth C-Moll "Tragic" (1816)
- Fifth B-DUR (1816)
- Sixth C-DUR (1818)
Quartets (only 22)
- Quartet B-DUR OP. 168 (1814)
- G-Moll Quartet (1815)
- Quartet A-Moll Op. 29 (1824)
- Quartet D-Moll (1824-1826)
- Quartet G-DUR OP. 161 (1826)