Biography
The name of Gregory Yavlinsky stands in one row with the names of Soviet and Russian politicians taking care of cardinal market reforms. The economist who worked in the Kremlin and opposed the authorities, sat at the same table with President Boris Yeltsin and participated in protest actions with radicals, all his life was his own expensive. Despite the ambiguous attitude of the people, the "Apple" party is still among the leading opposition blocks of Russia.Childhood and youth
Gregory Yavlinsky was born on April 10, 1952 in the city of Lviv Ukrainian SSR. Father of the Future Politics - Alexey Grigorievich Yavlinsky (1917-1981) - Life has lived interesting, saturated with events. Remaining orphans, Alexey Ignorovnichal. In 1930, the teenager fell into the Kharkiv commune under the leadership of Anton Makarenko.
After her end, went to learn to flight school. The Great Patriotic War passed, finished the service in the rank of senior lieutenant in Czechoslovakia. After the war, Alexey Javlinsky graduated from the Lviv Pedagogical Institute and the Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He worked as Head of the Children's Colonse Colonse for Striker.
Mother of Yavlinsky - Vera Naumovna (1924-1997). The father of the future economist met her when he arrived visiting relatives to Lviv. A month after dating, lovers got married. The woman graduated from Lviv University, taught chemistry. With Gregory, Mikhail's younger brother, who remained in Lviv and is engaged in private entrepreneurship.
The Yavlinsky family lived is not burning. But Gregory Alekseevich recalled that the parents did not regret the money for summer vacation and the education of children. The guy adored read, played the piano. Seriously engaged in boxing - twice became champion among juniors of Ukraine. From an early age, politician has been in foreign languages. A neighbor was engaged in a small English language. He studied at School No. 3 of the cities of Lviv.
A few years before the end of the educational institution, the evening training was transferred. He worked on the post office, a plant of glassborn, leather factory. After graduating from school in 1969, Yavlinsky went to Moscow and entered the Institute of National Economy. Plekhanov, at the Faculty of General Economy.
Politics
In 1973, Yavlinsky finished the institute with a red diploma, in 1976 - graduate school. After graduating from graduate school, the directories and job descriptions in Vniaugol were made. In 1978 he defended his dissertation. In 1980, Grigory Alekseevich became the Deputy Head of the Department of Research Institute, and then - Head of the State Protection Department. At that time, the first unwashed friction of the young economist with the authorities began.In the early 80s, the Trud Committee led by Yuri Batalin did not like the work of the Javalus "Improvement of the Economic Mechanism in the USSR", which prevents the imminine economic crisis in the Soviet Union. In the monograph Gregory Alekseevich reasoned that it was necessary to either return to the hard "Stalinist" method of management, or start moving to a free market.
Such a position contradicted the current agenda. Several hundred copies of the book along with personal belongings of the novice policy confiscated under the pretext that the official was infected with tuberculosis. Yavlinsky became a frequent guest at interrogations in the KGB. The story ended with a long stay in a closed tubdype. They released it only after the arrival of Mikhail Gorbachev arrived.
Based on the expanded biography on the website of Grigory Alekseevich, from economist tried to get rid of, at best, by making disabled. Before the operation to remove part of the lung, one of the doctors whispered with a young man, which is actually healthy. Yavlinsky literally escaped from the hospital, but soon returned with 8 fluorography from other medical institutions, proving the absence of a disease.
It also tells where the chief physician explained directly to the patient: "System has moved you." Soon, Yuri Andropov came to power. As indicated on the portal "Apple", Yavlinsky managed to be issued, retaining health with the diagnosis of "Varicose veins".
In the summer of 1989, the former institute teacher of Yavlinsky and the former Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Leonid Abalkin appointed Gregory Alekseevich the head of the Consumer Economic Department of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. On July 14, 1990, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR approved the Yavlinsky Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR. At the same time, he headed the State Commission on Economics Reform.
The reform was concluded in the action of a program called "500 days" created by Yavlinsky together with Mikhail Zadornov and Alexei Mikhailov. She concluded in the translation of the Union Economy on the market conditions, the introduction of private ownership, strengthening the small business sector. On September 1, 1990, the program "500 days" was announced before the Supreme Council of the RSFSR.
After the supply of Mikhail Gorbachev, to unite the project "500 days" with alternative "main directions of development", created by order of Nikolai Ryzhkov (Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR), Yavlinsky resigned. In October 1990, Grigori Alekseevich opened the Center for Political and Economic Research. From October to December 1991, Yavlinsky - a member of the Political Advisory Committee under the President of the USSR.
In September 1991, Yeltsin considered Gregory Alekseevich's candidacy to the post of Prime Minister of Russia, but preferred more convocating Hydar. According to the economist, he did not want the collapse of the USSR.
After signing Yeltsin in Belarus "Belovezhsky Agreements", Yavlinsky, in protest, left the government. The politician performed the main opponent of the voucher scheme for the privatization of the assets of large state-owned enterprises proposed by the Gaidar team.
In the summer of 1992, Grigory Alekseevich, according to the order of Governor Boris Nemtsov, has developed a program for reforming the economy of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The developed project made good results. About this period, Yavlinsky later told in the program "Storepozner".
In the period of August 1991, the side of Yeltsin and the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. After the failure of the GCCP participated in the search for his members. In the fall of 1993 after the failure of the October Putch (in which Yavlinsky took the active position of the supporter of the current) Grigori Alekseevich decided to create a political party. To combat the place in the State Duma, a new organization called "Apple" was formed. In the election of the party, whose slogan sounded as "the goal does not justify the means," ranked 6th.
If you believe Yavlinsky and biographers, a man's average growth (175 cm) in 1994 committed a truly heroic act. From the soldiers who captured the Chechen militants, the Russian authorities refused. Johar Dudaev nominated Yeltsin Ultimatum: "We recognize that these are your soldiers, we let them go, and if we do not recognize them, we shoot them."
Then Grigory Alekseevich publicly advocated: "They acted on the orders. You have selected documents from them, hid their epaulets, did not inform the parents. Now they will destroy them there. As a deputy of the State Duma, as a political figure I recognize these soldiers with Russian. "
Yavlinsky even offered Dudaev to exchange hostages on him. After difficult negotiations, Gregory Alekseevich managed to take out 7 living soldiers and remains of 20 more guys from Chechnya. Subsequently, he played the negotiator during the terrorist attack on Dubrovka (Nord-Ost).
In the spring of 1995, Yabloko announced the beginning of a new campaign to participate in the elections to the State Duma. Campaign calls: Termination of war in Chechnya, Military reform, demonstration in the economy. On December 4, "Apple" took 4 place in the elections to the State Duma. In the Duma, the fraction referred to the opposition. Party members were fundamentally not included in the government.
In February 1996, Grigory Yavlinsky nominated his candidacy in the presidential election. In the first round, he scored 7.35% of the votes and took the 4th place. In 1997, the politician declared a desire to run for presidents in 2000.
In the early 2000s, he entered into the international organization "Trilateral Commission" (North America, Western Europe, Asia), whose goal is to look for ways to solve world problems. In the 2000 presidential election, Grigory Yavlinsky took the 3rd place, giving way to Vladimir Putin and Gennady Zyuganov.
In December 2002, the "Apple" party lost elections to the State Duma. And in March 2004, by decision of the Presidium, Javlinsky refused to nominate the candidacy in the presidential election, calling the struggle inequity. In June 2008, he was held with participation in re-election to the post of the leader of the Apple. Restricted political activities, becoming a teacher in HSE.
In December 2011, the Congress of Yabloko nominated the Presidential candidate for the post of President of Russia in 2012. The CEC refused Gregory Alekseevich at registration. The motive was the missing number of votes votes, but Yavlinsky called the decision of the CEC political.
In 2014, he made a sharp criticism of the Russian government in foreign policy. The statement of Yavlinsky about the Crimea and Ukraine caused a great resonance in the press: "Annexia of the Crimea has also occurred under the furiousness ... they want this (Ukraine) to be a failed state so that it was the outskirts and appendage of Russia."
On March 4, 2016, Yavlinsky announced participation in the presidential election of Russia 2018. The launch of the politician campaign marked the statement: "I will win the election from Putin and return the Crimea." The main views then outlined in the campaign newspaper "My True", which he wrote independently.
According to political scientists, Gregory Alekseevich's strategy was similar to the Boris Titov program. Other bright rivals, in addition to Vladimir Putin, Gennady Zyuganov and Vladimir Zhirinovsky, became Pavel Beadlin,
The latest initiative Gregory Alekseevich became the action "Time to return home", which started on June 19, 2017. The goal is to collect signatures in favor of the exit of Russia from military conflicts. Slogan Yavlinsky:
"To behave like a superpower, it is necessary to be it. And this is impossible with such an economy, what we have today. "Personal life
Grigory Yavlinsky is married. Spouse - Elena Anatolyevna, Economist Engineer. The couple have two children. Jr., Alexey, was born in 1981. He graduated from a private school and an open university in London. Works in England Engineer-researcher on creating computer systems.
Senior - Mikhail, Son of Spouse from the first marriage, was born in 1971. He graduated from the Physician MSU in the specialty "Nuclear Physics", works by a journalist. After the abduction of Michael and political threats, Gregory Alekseevich in 1994, the family decided to move sons to England.
Terrible events in his personal life occurred after Javlin's trip to Chechnya. It is worth noting that the step is not just kidnapped, Mikhail was brutally tortured. At the same time, the director of the Moscow School, where Alexey studied, asked the economist to pick up the Son from the school, as it was afraid of a possible terrorist attack.
Grigory Yavlinsky now
Now Grigory Alekseevich lives with his wife in the village of Asspensky in the Odintsovo district of the Moscow region. "Instagram" does not use, "Facebook" and "Twitter" prefers from modern sites. Also regularly becomes a guest of such programs as "special opinion". Political program, statements, biography and photos are updated on the official website of Yavlinsky.
Only on February 6, 2021, an article "without Putinism and Populism" appeared, which caused a scandal in the environment of the Russian opposition. The economist criticized Alexei Navalny, who, according to Grigoria Yavlinsky, uses repression against supporting his citizens in order to attract attention to his person.
On February 12, the discussion continued during an interview with the program "Touzy" on the radio station "Echo of Moscow". For the insertion of Navalny, the chief editor of Alexey Venediktov.