Biography
The author of the Love Theory of Water Tanks, Georges Sand, can be delivered in one row with the most bright representatives of French romanticism - Alfred de Mussse, Francois Rene de Chastubrants and Alexander Duma.
The estimated life of the hostess estate, she preferred complete attacks and falls profession of the writer. In her works, the ideas of freedom and humanism were dominated, and passion were raised in the soul. While the readers have come the novelist, Moraley's chases counted Sand to the personification of the universe evil. Throughout the life of Georges defended himself and his creativity, smaring the smoking sentence ideas about how a woman should look like.
Childhood and youth
Amandin Aurora Lucille Dupen was born on the first of July 1804 in the capital of France - Paris. The father of the Liturity - Maurice Dupin is a native people, who chose a military career, who was idle existence. The mother of the novelists - Antoinetta-Sophie Victoria Delender, the daughter of the birds - had a bad reputation and earned the dance. Due to the origin of the mother, aristocratic relatives for a long time did not recognize Amandin. The death of the head of the family turned the life of the Sand from his legs.
Mrs. Dupin (grandmother's grandmother), who had previously refused meetings with his granddaughter, after the death of a hot beloved son acknowledged to Aurora, but there was a common language with the daughter-in-law. Conflicts often arose between women. Sophie Victoria was afraid that after the next quarrel, the elderly, the Countess called her to deprive Amandene inheritance. In order not to experience fate, she left the estate, leaving the daughter on the care of mother-in-law.
Childhood Sand can not be called happy: she extremely rarely communicated with peers, and the maids of the grandmother, at each other case, showed her disrespect. The Circle of Communication of the writer was limited to the elderly Countess and Monsiere Deschard, teacher. The girl wanted to have a friend so much that invented him. Faithful companion Aurora was called the coram. This magical creature was both the adviser, and the listener, and the guardian angel.
Amandin was seriously worried about separation from the mother. The girl saw her only occasionally, coming with her grandmother in Paris. Mrs. Dupin sought to reduce the influence of Sophie Victoria to a minimum. Tired of excessive guardianship, Aurora conceived escape. The Countess was about the intention of the Sand and sent his granddaughter who had fought off his hands in the Augustinian Catholic Monastery (1818-1820).
There the writer met religious literature. Turning the text of the Holy Scriptures, an ascetic lifestyle has been impressionable for several months. The identification with Holy Teresa led to the fact that Aurora lost sleep and appetite.
It is not known how this experience could have ended, if Abbot premor did not enjoy it on time. Because of the falnial sentiment and constant diseases, Georges could no longer continue learning. With the blessing of the prisons, the grandmother took his granddaughter home. Fresh air went the Sand for the benefit. After a couple of months, there remained a trace from religious fanaticism.
Despite the fact that Aurora was rich, smart and good, in society, she was considered completely unsuitable candidates for the role of his wife. The lowland origin of the mother made it not quite equal in the medium of aristocratic youth. Countess Dupin did not have time to find the granddaughter of the groom: she died when Georges were 17 years old. Currently, the works of Mabies, Leibnitsa and Locke Girl remained in care of an illiterate mother.
The abyss formed during the separation between Sophi Victoria and Sand was exormably big: Aurora loved to read, and his mother thought this occupation of a waste of time and constantly took the book from her; The girl sought a spacious house in Noana - Sophie Victoria held her in a small apartment in Paris; Georges grieved about grandmother - the former dancer, that matter, then squeezed by the presence of mother-in-law with dirty rugs.
After Antoinette failed to force the daughter to marry a person who had an extreme degree of disgust in Aurora in Aurora, the enraged widow of the wolf dragged the Sand into the monastery and threatened with sharpening in the dunner. At that time, the young literalist realized that a marriage would help her to break free from the oppression of a despotic mother.
Personal life
Lifetime about the amourous adventures of the Sand, legends were found. The rags attributed to her novels with all the literary bond of France, claiming that because of the unrealized fully maternal instinct, a woman subconsciously chose men much younger than her. There were also rumors and about the lovelines of the literators with her girlfriend, the actress Marie Dorval.
A woman who had a huge number of fans was married only once. Her husband (from 1822 to 1836) was Baron Casimir Dudevan. In this union, the writer gave birth to the son of Maurice (1823) and Daughter Sange (1828). For the sake of children, the spouses disappointed in each other were trying to keep marriage. But irreconcilability in views of life turned out to be stronger than the desire to grow her son and daughter in a full family.
Aurora did not hide her loving nature. It consisted in open relationships with the poet Alfred de Mussse, composer Ferenitsa Sheet and Pianist-virtuoso Frederick Chopin. Relationships with the latter left a deep wound in the soul of Aurora and reflected in the works of Sand "Lucretia Floriani" and "Winter in Mallorca".
Real name
The debut romance "Roses and Blanche" (1831) is the result of cooperation of Aurora with Jules Sando, a close friend of the writer. Collaboration, like most of the Fakelov, published in the magazine "Figaro", was signed by their common pseudonym - Jules Sand. The second novel "Indiana" (1832) writers also planned to write in collaboration, but because of the illness, the Bellarrist did not participate in the creation of a masterpiece, and Dudyevan wrote the work from the crust to crust.
Sando flatly refused under the general pseudonym to produce a book into the light, to the creation of which he had nothing to do. The publisher in turn insisted on the preservation of the cryptonym, with which readers were already familiar. Due to the fact that the novelist family was against the placement of their name for everyone to review, the writer could not be printed under their real name. Under the advice of a friend, Aurora replaced Jules to George, and left the surname unchanged.
Literature
Novels, published after Indiana (Valentina, Lelia, Jacques, put Georges Sand in the ranks of democratic romantics. In the mid-30s, Aurora was keen on the ideas of sensimonists. The works of the representative of the social utopism of Pierre Lerru ("Individualism and Socialism", 1834; "On Equality", 1838; "Refuture of eclecticism", 1839; "On humanity", 1840) inspired the writer on writing a number of works.
In the novel "Mopra" (1837), the condemnation of romantic rebellion sounded, and in the "Orase" (1842) there was an embodiousness of individualism. Belief in the creative possibilities of ordinary people, the pathos of the national liberation struggle, the dream of art, serving people, permeate and the Dilogy of Sand - "Consuelo" (1843) and Rudolstadt (1843).
In the 40s, the literary and social activities of Dudevan reached its apogee. The writer participated in the publication of the Leviewednisian magazines and supported the work of the poets, promoting their creativity ("Dialogues about Poetry Proletaris", 1842). In her novels, she created a whole gallery of sharply negative images of bourgeois representatives (Brikola - "Melnik from Anjobo", Cardonne - "Sin of Mr. Antoine").
In the years of the second empire, anticleric moods appeared in the work of the Sand (the response to the policy of Louis Napoleon). Her Roman "Daniella" (1857), containing attacks on a Catholic religion, caused a scandal, and the newspaper "La Press" in which he was published, closed. After that, the Sand moved away from social activities and wrote novels in the spirit of early works: "Snowman" (1858), Jean De La Roche (1859) and "Marquis de Viller" (1861).
Dostoevsky and Turgenev, Nekrasov, and Herzen, and even Belinsky were admired by the work of Georges Sand.
Death
The last years of the life of Aurora Dudevan held in his estate in France. She was engaged in children and grandchildren who adored to listen to her fairy tales ("What the flowers are talking about", "talking oak", "pink cloud"). In the end of the life of Georges even earned the nickname "good lady from Noana."
The legend of French literature went into oblivion on June 8, 1876 (in 72 years). The cause of death Sand has become intestinal obstruction. The famous writer was buried in a family crypt in Noana. Friends Dudevan - Flaubert and Duma-Son - attended her burial. Having learned about the death of the literatorship, the genius of Poetic Arabesque Viktor Hugo wrote:
"I mourn deceased, welcome the immortal!"The literary heritage of the writer has been preserved in collections of poems, drama and novels.
Among other things, in Italy, the director Georgio Alberttazias based on the autobiographical novel Sand "The History of My Life" took off a television film, and the works of "Lovely Lords from Boua Dore" (1976) and Mopra (1926 and 1972) were specialized in France .
Bibliography
- "Melchior" (1832)
- "Leone Leoni" (1835)
- "Younger Sister" (1843)
- "Keroglu" (1843)
- "Karl" (1843)
- "Zhanna" (1844)
- "Isidore" (1846)
- "Temberino" (1846)
- "Mopra" (1837)
- "Mosaic Masters" (1838)
- "ORCO" (1838)
- "Spiridion" (1839)
- "Sin of Mr. Antoine" (1847)
- "Lucretia Floriani" (1847)
- "Mon-Rhise" (1853)
- "Marquis de Viller" (1861)
- "Confession of a young girl" (1865)
- Nanon (1872)
- "Babushkina Fairy Tales" (1876)