Biography
Umberto Eco is known worldwide as a writer, philosopher, researcher and teacher. The public met Eco after the release of the novel "Rose Name" in 1980. Among the works of the Italian researcher are dozens of scientific papers, amell, fairy tales, philosophical treatises. Umberto Eco organized at the University of the Republic of San Marino, the Department of Research in the field of media. The writer was appointed president of the Higher School of Humanities in Bologna University. He was also a member of the Academy of Lincy Sciences.Childhood and youth
In the small town of Alessandria, near Turin, on January 5, 1932, Umberto Eco was born. Then in his family I could not even think about what a little boy would achieve. Umberto's parents were ordinary people. Father worked by an accountant, participated in several wars. Father Umberto took place from a large family. Eco often recalled that there was no special money in the family, but his thrust for books was limitless. Therefore, he came to the book benches and began to read.
After the owner drove him, the man went to another institution and continued to get acquainted with the book. Eco's father planned to give his son legal education, but the teenager was opposed. Umberto Eco went to the University of Turin for the sake of studying the literature and philosophy of the Middle Ages. In 1954, a young man received a bachelor's degree in philosophy. During his studies at the University of Umberto disappointed in the Catholic Church, and this leads him to atheism.
Literature
For a long time, Umberto Eco studied the "idea of the beautiful", voiced in the medieval philosophy. Master's thoughts outlined in the work of the "Evolution of Medieval Aesthetics", which saw the light in 1959. Three years later, a new work was released - "Open Work". Umberto tells in it that some works were not completed by the authors consciously. Thus, they can now be interpreted by readers in different ways. At some point, Eco became interested in culture. For a long time he studied various forms, ranging from "high" and ending with the mass culture.
The scientist found out that in postmodern, these boundaries are significantly blurred. Umberto actively developed this topic. In the field of studying the writer, comics, cartoons, songs, modern films appeared, even novels about James Bond.
For several years, the philosopher carefully studied literary criticism and aesthetics of the Middle Ages. His thoughts Umberto Eco gathered in a single work, in which semiotics highlighted his theory. It can be traced in other writings of the Master - "Treatise of General Semiotics", "Semiotics and Language Philosophy". In some materials, the writer criticized structuralism. Ontological approach to the study of the structure, according to Eco, is incorrect.
In the papers on the topic of semiotics, the researcher actively promoted the theory of codes. Umberto believed that there were unambiguous codes, for example, the alphabet of Morse, the relationship between DNA and RNA, and there are more complex hiding in the structure of the tongue, semiotic. The scientist has advanced his opinion on social significance. It was her who he considered it important, and not at all the ratio of signs to real objects.
Later, Umberto Eco attracted the problem of interpretation, which the author carefully examined for several decades. In the monograph "The role of the reader", the researcher created a new concept of the "ideal reader."
An explanation of this term writer as follows: This is a person who is able to understand that any product can be interpreted many times. At the beginning of the research, the Italian philosopher was inclined to general classifications and global interpretations. Later Umberto Eco has more to attract "short history" about certain forms of experience. According to the writer, the works are able to simulate the reader.
The writer Romanov Umberto Eco became 42 years old. The first creation of Eco called the "Rose Name". The philosophical and detective romance turned his life: the writer learned the whole world. All actions of the product of the novel occur in the medieval monastery.
After three years, Umberto released a small book "Notes on the fields of the" Rose name ". This is a kind of "crowded" the first novel. In this work, the author reflects on the relationship between the reader, the author and the book itself. Five years it took Umberto Eco to create another work - the novel "Foucault's pendulum. Readers got acquainted with the book in 1988. The author tried to make a peculiar analysis of modern intellectuals, which may cause monsters, including fascists due to mental neakoversion. An interesting and unusual topic of the book made it relevant, exciting for society.
Regarding the "Fouco Pendulum" the author said this:
"Many people think that I wrote a fantastic novel. They are deeply mistaken, the novel is absolutely realistic. "In 1994, a heartfelt drama, causing pity, pride and other deep feelings in the souls of readers came out from under the feather Umberto Eco. "Island on the eve" tells about a young guy who wanders in France, Italy and the South Seas. The action unfolds in the XVII century. Traditionally, in their books, Eco asks questions that exciting society for many years. At some point, Umberto Eco switched to favorite directions - history and philosophy. In such a way, the adventure novel "Baudolino" was written, appearing in bookstores in 2000. In it, the author tells how the travels of the Fritrich Barbarossa's adoptive son were traveled.
The incredible novel "The Mysterious Flame of the Tsaritsa Loan" tells about the hero who has lost memory due to an accident. Umberto Eco decided to make minor adjustments to the fate of the book participants. Thus, the main character does not remember anything about relatives and friends, but the memory of read books has been preserved. This novel is a reader's biography of Eco. Among the last Romanov Umberto Eco - "Prague Cemetery". Only a year after the publication in Italy, the book appeared in the shelves of Russian shops. Elena Kostyukovich answered the translation of the publication.
The author of the novel admitted that he wanted to make the book last. But after 5 years it comes to another - "zero number". This novel was the completion of the literary biography of the writer. Do not forget that Umberto Eco Scientist, researcher, philosopher. Bright turned his work called "Art and Beauty in medieval aesthetics." The philosopher collected the aesthetic teachings of that time, including the Thomas of Aquinsky, William Okkam, rethought and designed for a single short essay. Allocate Eco "search for a perfect language in European culture" among scientific papers.
Umberto Eco sought to know the unknown, so often looking for an answer to the question of what beauty is. In each era, according to the researcher, there were new solutions to this task. Interestingly, in one time cut, opposite over the meaning of the concept. Sometimes the positions conflicted among themselves. The thoughts of the science figure are brightly represented in the book "Beauty History" book, published in 2004.
It is not necessary to stop at studying only the perfect side of life. The philosopher appeals to an unpleasant, ugly part. Writing the book "History of Ugly" captured the writer. Eco admitted that they write about beauty and reflect a lot and often, and about the ugliness - no, so during research the writer made many interesting and exciting discoveries. Umberto Eco did not consider beauty and deformity with antipodes. The philosopher stated that these are related concepts, the essence of which is impossible to understand each other.
James Bond inspired Umberto Eco, so the author with interest studied the materials on this topic. The writer recognized as an expert in Bondology. In the footsteps of research, Eco publishes works: "The Bond Affair" and "The Narrative Structure in Fleming". In the list of literary masterpieces of the author there are fairy tales. In English-speaking countries and native Writer Italy, these stories became popular. In Russia, the books were connected to one edition called "three fairy tales".
In the biography of Umberto Eco there are also teaching activities. The writer read at Harvard University lectures on the difficult relationships of real and literary life, the heroes of the books and the author.
Personal life
Umberto Eco was married with a German Renate Renate. Spouses married in September 1962.
Writer's wife is an expert in the field of museum and art education. Eco and ramp brought up two children - Son and daughter.
Death
February 19, 2016 Umberto Eco died. The philosopher was 84 years old. The tragic event occurred in the personal residence of the writer, located in Milan. The cause of death is pancreatic cancer.For two years, a scientist struggled with the disease. Farewell ceremony with Umberto Eco organized in Milan Castle Sforza.
Bibliography
- 1966 - "Bomb and General"
- 1966 - "Three Astronauts"
- 1980 - "Rose Name"
- 1983 - "Notes on the" Rose name "fields
- 1988 - "Fouco Pendulum"
- 1992 - "Gnomes GNU"
- 1994 - "Island on the eve"
- 2000 - "Baudolino"
- 2004 - "Mysterious Flame of Queen Loan"
- 2004 - "Beauty History"
- 2007 - "History of Radia"
- 2007 - "Great History of European Civilization"
- 2009 - "Do not hope to get rid of books!"
- 2010 - "Prague Cemetery"
- 2010 - "I promise to marry"
- 2011 - "History of the Middle Ages"
- 2013 - "History of illusions. Legendary places, land and country "
- 2015 - Zero Number