Biography
Sarah Bernard is a French theater actress, the legend of the world scene, the first of the film actress. In honor of Sarah Bernard, the crater on the planet Venus, the variety of a milk-filled peony. The future star of the theater scene was born on October 22, 1844 in Paris and received the name Henriett Rosin Bernard at birth. Mother of the girl was Judith Bernard, daughter of the Dutch merchant Moritz Baruch Bernardta, a Jew in origin.
The judith in his youth worked a modist in Amsterdam, and after moving to Paris became the content. The name of the girl's father is unknown. In some sources, the French fleet officer Paul Morel is indicated, in others - lawyer Eduard Bernard. Little Henriett was almost immediately sent to Brittany in the nanny bumps. After an accident, during which the girl burned down hot coal from the fireplace, his mother took her to Paris. For two years, the girl was determined by Madame Fresard, where she studied writing, attended the theater circle.
In 1953, Sarah entered Grandsamp gymnasium. In his youth Sarah Bernard looked very thin, because of the permanent cough, doctors assumed a tuberculosis from the girl who was supposed to lead to early death. Not moderately impressionable Sarah persuaded the mother to buy her a coffin of rosewood, which became her place to sleep until the end of his life. The permanent seizures of Sarah Bernard pushed the judith on the thoughts that the girl was time to marry. The proposal of Mother Henriette declared the desire to devote himself to God.
The scene looked so emotionally that the Mother Count de Morney was present at the conversation, Napoleon III, and advised to give the girl to the conservatory, where they taught acting. Before the introductory listening, Sarah Bernard took several lessons on the technique of speech from the writer Dumas-senior, who immediately appreciated all the wealth of the future star of the scene. In 1857, Henriette entered the dramatic school of the Paris Conservatory, which he graduated from five years old, having received a second place in graduating among graduates of the year.
Theater
On September 1, 1862, the theater debut of 18-year-old actresses on the scene of the "Comedi Francesuez" theater was held. Sarah appeared before the public in the lead role of the play of Jean Rasin "Iphigenia in Avlude". The first speech of the actress did not impress the audience and theatrical critics. As the director of the theater noted, the girl was too thin, the only advantages were golden hair and a nice voice.
In the house of Moliere, the young actress spoke not long, soon her was kicked out due to the conflict with the leading actress of the theater team Madame Natalie. After care, the girl moved for a while in Belgium. Sarah had the opportunity to go in the footsteps of the mother and become a curtain, but the girl chose the scene.
Some time, Henriette was interrupted by secondary roles in the theaters "Zhimnaz" and "Port Saint-Martin". In 1966, Sarah entered the troupe of "Odeon", where he received the role of young heroines from the play of the classic repertoire - Fedry, Andromakhi, Zaire. After the role of Cordelia in the "King Lira", the public for the first time drew attention to the actress. The actress of the death scene of the heroine was especially successful. The sobs of the spectators each time accompanied the final scenes, in which the characters of Sarah Bernard were dying, Margarita Gauthier, Cleopatra, Adrienne Lekewer, Jeanne d'Ark.
In 1869, Sarah Bernard appears for the first time on stage in the men's role Messenter Zavero in the "Pale" Francois Copp, which produced a furor among actress fans. Later, the actress was reincarnated in the Duke of Reichstadt from the eponymous play and in the "Orcenka" of Rostan, as well as in Lorenzacho from the play Mussse. The role of Gamlet Sara Bernard played in 53 years.
In 1870, when France led War with Prussia, Sarah Bernard did not leave Paris and allowed the use of the "Odeon" building as a hospital for the wounded. The actress itself was the sister of mercy at the time. Therefore, the return in 1872 Sarah on the stage in the role of Queen in Ryui Blaze, Viktor Hugo, was greeted by the public with large honors.
At the same time, the theater "Comedi Frances" suggested Sarah to resume cooperation. The repertoire of the actress in the Moliere Theater mainly consisted of tragedies of Rasin and Voltaire and Drum Viktor Hugo. In 1880, Sarah Bernard left the second time "Comedi Frances" and went to the first large tour in America with his own troupe. Sarah Bernard toured a lot. The actress traveled all over Europe, nine times visited the United States, in Russia Bernard visited 1881, 1898 and 1908. The actress visited the Mikhailovsky Theater, Moscow, Kiev, Odessa and Kharkov.
In St. Petersburg, the actress visited the Emperor Alexander III, became acquainted with Ivan Turgenev, Prince Sergei Volkonsky, Anton Chekhov, Konstantin Stanislavsky. In London, Bernardovskaya "Fedra" was used in particular success, with which the actress toured in 1879. The tour of the theater star was caused by an unprecedented excitement among the inhabitants of New York, the audience did not even confuse the language barrier. Announcements of the speeches of the Frenchwoman always printed on the first bands of the leading editions. In 1891, Sarah Bernard visited performances in Australia.
In Russia, Sarah Bernard was called "Napoleon in the Skirt", in France, considered the second Jeanne d'Ark. In America, some public organizations have betrayed the name of the hula actress, calling it the "invasion of the damn snake, we focus on French Babylon." In honor of Sarah Bernard, perfumes, soap, gloves, powder were created. The accuracy fees were unthinkable, but Sarah a lot of money sacrificed for charity. In 1904, organized a tour with Enrico Caruso to help Russian soldiers who received injury during the Russian-Japanese war.
For Sarah Bernard, contemporaries created places of tragedy. Victoriene Sarda wrote works for the scene "Fedor" (1882), "Floria Tosca" (1887), "Caldong" (1903). Edmond Rostan created three plays, which came to the repertoire of Sarah Bernard, - "Princess of Gosza!" (1895), "Orlenok" (1900), "Samarita" (1897). D. Marell created a drama "Laughing Langstum", Sara Bernar itself became the main character.
In 1893, the actress opened the Renaissance Theater, after five years - the "Nacon" theater, on the stage of which the premiere of the play Sarda "Floria Tosca" took place. In 1900, Sarah Bernard starred in one of the first silent films, playing in the scene "Duele Hamlet". The actress appeared in a number of films, the most popular of which became the movies of 1912 "Lady with Camellias" and "Queen Elizabeth", for which the actress was awarded the stars on the Hollywood "Alley of Glory."
The actress has more than once became a model for portrait of bastic-shroud, Boldini, George Claire, Gandara, photo actresses repeatedly made Nodar. The founder of the artistic flow "AR Nouveau", Czech illustrator Alphonse Muha became the author of a multitude of advertising posters for the performances of Sarah Bernard.
In 1905, during the tour in Brazil, the actress damaged his leg, and after 10 years the limb had to be amputate. Physical injury did not break Sarah Bernard, she did not leave scenic activities. The actress continued to appear in favorite performances: "Lady with camellias" Sarah played sitting and lying in bed. During World War I, Bernard acted as part of the front team, for which the Order of the Honorary Legion was honored.
In addition to the Sarah Bernard Theater, he was fond of creating sculptures, literary creativity. From under the pen, the actress was published books "Memoirs of one chair", "My Double Life", in which Sarah Bernard described the events of his biography, as well as several plays. According to one of the legends associated with the life of the actress, Sarah Bernard at the age of 70 executed the role of Juliet in the play of William Shakespeare, but the fact is not confirmed by official sources of information.
Creative career actresses ended in 1922, shortly before the death of Sarah Bernard.
Personal life
Sarah Bernard hid the events of his personal life from the public. But contemporaries attributed to actress numerous lovelines, including with representatives of European royal dynasties. In 1864, being in Belgium, Sarah Bernard gave birth to the son of Maurice. According to rumors, the father of the boy was Prince Henry de Line, who even wanted to make an actress offer, but failed to go against the will of relatives.
After the gap with Henry Sarah returned to Paris, where the novels were followed with colleagues on the workshop Philip Garnier, Pierre Burton, Jean Moon-Sully. In the early 80s, being on tour in St. Petersburg, Sarah met with a Greek diplomat Aristidis (Jacques) by Damala 1855, for whom he soon married.
Despite the ardent love, the Union broke up in six months. The next novel Ostig actress in 66 years. Its chosen was the American actor Lou Velegel, who was the younger Sarah Bernard almost twice. Relationships launched almost four years.
Death
Since the end of 1922, the actress began to refuse kidney. The disease turned out to be incurable. On March 26, 1923, Sara Bernard died in the Paris apartment on the Malzers Boulevard.
The funeral ceremony took place in a solemn atmosphere, the coffin with the body of the actress carried the most beautiful actors of the theater, and the path in the cemetery of Per Lashez was covered with camellias. The farewell procession has numbered several thousand people.
Filmography
- 1900 - "Duel Hamlet"
- 1912 - "Queen Elizabeth"
- 1912 - "Lady with Camellias"
- 1913 - "Adriana Lekuprère"
- 1915 - "Zhanna Dore"
- 1915 - "Dancer"
- 1917 - "French Mothers"
- 1923 - "Attractiveness"