Mikhail Frunze - biography, photo, personal life, cause of death

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Biography

Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze - a revolutionary figure, Bolshevik, a leadership of the Red Army, a participant in the civil war, a theorist of military disciplines.

Mikhail was born on January 21 (under Art.) 1885 in the city of Pishpec (Bishkek) in the family of Feldscher Vasily Mikhailovich Frunze, Moldavanina by nationality. The boy's father after the end of the medical Moscow school was sent for the Army Service to Turkestan, where he remained. Mikhail's mother, Moored Efimovna Bochkarev, a peasant in origin, was born in Voronezh province. Her family in the middle of the 19th century moved into Turkmenistan.

Portrait of Mikhail Frunze

Mikhail had an older brother Konstantin and three younger sisters - Lyudmila, Claudia and Lydia. All children Frunze have learned in the gymnasium of faithful (now the city of Almaty). Senior Children Konstantin, Mikhail and Claudia after the end of the middle of the Golden Medals received. Mikhail continued his studies at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, where he entered in 1904. Already in the first semester, he became interested in revolutionary ideas and joined the Social Democratic Workers Party, where he joined the Bolsheviks.

Mikhail Frunze in his youth

In November 1904, Frunze was arrested for participating in a provocative campaign. During the manifestation on January 9, 1905 in St. Petersburg, he was wounded in his hand. Throwing his studies, Mikhail Frunze ran away from the persecution of the authorities to Moscow, and then, where he headed the strike of textiles in May of the same year. With Vladimir Lenin Frunze met in 1906, when he hid in Stockholm. Mikhail had to hide the present name during the organization of the underground movement in Ivanovo-Voznesensk. The young parties was known under the pseudonyms of Comrade Arseny, Trifonch, Mikhailov, Vasilenko.

Mikhail Frunze in youth

Under the leadership of Frunze, the first Council of Workers Deputies was created, which was engaged in the distribution of leaflets of anti-governmental content. Frunze headed urban rallies and made weapons seizures. Mikhail was not afraid to use terrorist methods of struggle.

The young revolutionary stood at the head of the armed uprising in Moscow in the FLAY, made a seizure of the Shuisian printing house with the use of weapons, attacked Nikita Perslov to the police officer in order to murder. In 1910, he received a death sentence, which was at the request of representatives of the public, as well as the writer V.G. Korolenko was replaced by Katoroga.

Mikhail Frunze in a group of exile

Four years later, Frunze was sent to the permanent place of residence in the village of Mazurka Irkutsk province, from where in 1915 fled to the cheat. Under the last name Vasilenko worked for some time in the local publication "Transbaikal Review". By changing the passport in the name of Mikhailov, moved to Belorussia, where it settled in statistics to the Committee of the Zemstvo Union on the Western Front.

The purpose of Frunze's stay in the Russian army was the spread of revolutionary ideas among the military. In Minsk, Mikhail Vasilyevich headed the underground cell. Over time, the reputation of a specialist in militarized shares was entrenched among the Bolsheviks for Frunze.

The revolution

In early March 1917, Mikhail Frunze prepared the seizure of the Armed Police Department of Minsk by squaders of ordinary workers. The archives of the random branch, weapons and ammunition plot, several government agencies fell into the hands of revolutionaries. After the success of Operation, Mikhail Frunze appointed the temporary chief of the Minsk militia. Under the leadership of Frunze, the release of party newspapers began. In August, the military was transferred to see where Frunze was taken by the post of Chairman of the Council of People's Deputies, the county of the Zemskaya Government and the City Council.

Young Michael Frunze

Mikhail Frunze revolution met in Moscow on the barricades near the metropol hotel. After two months, the revolutionary was the post of head of the party cell of Ivanovo-Voznesenskaya province. Engaged in Frunze and the affairs of the military commissariat. The civil war allowed Mikhail Vasilyevich to fully show the military abilities that he acquired during revolutionary activities.

From February 1919, Frunze undertakes to command the 4th Army of the Red Army, which was able to stop the offensive of Kolchak to Moscow and start counteroffensive to the Urals. After such a significant victory of the Red Army, Frunze received the Order of the Red Banner.

Mikhail Frunze in 1919

Often, General could be seen on a horse at the head of the troops, which allowed him to form a positive reputation in the environment of the Red Army. In June 1919, Frunze received a contusion under Ufa. In July, Mikhail Vasilyevich headed the Eastern Front, but in a month he received a task in the southern direction, whose zone was included by the Turkestan and the territory of Akhtuba. Until September 1920, Frunze conducted successful operations on the front line.

Repeated Frunze gave guarantees to preserve the life of those counter-revolutionary who were ready to move on the side of red. Mikhail Vladimirovich contributed to a humane attitude to the prisoner, which caused discontent with the higher ranks.

Semyon Budyanny, Mikhail Frunze and Clement Voroshilov Develop a plan for the defeat of Wrangel

In the fall of 1920, the planned offensive of red on the Army of Wrangel, which was located in Crimea and Northern Tavria. After the defeat of the white detachments of Frunze attacked former associates - the brigades of Batki Makhno, Yuri Tyutyunnik and Simon Petlyura. During the Crimean fighting, Frunze was injured. In 1921 he entered the Central Committee of the RCP (b). At the end of 1921, Frunze went with a political visit to Turkey. Communication of the Soviet general with the Turkish leader Mustafa Kamalim Ataturk allowed to strengthen Turkish-Soviet connections.

After the revolution

In 1923, on the Oktyabrsky plenum of the Central Committee, where the distribution of forces between Trotsky and Troika Leaders was determined (Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev, Frunze supported the latter, performing a report against Trotsky's activities. Mikhail Vasilyevich accused the Commissar of Military Affairs in the collapse of the Red Army and the absence of a clear system of training military personnel. At the initiative of Frunze from high military ranks, the Trotskyists of Antonov-Ovseenko and Sklyansky were removed. The Frunze line was supported by Head of the General Staff of the Republic of Redek Mikhail Tukhachevsky.

Chairman of the USSR Revoensuit Mikhail Frunze

In 1924, Mikhail Frunze passed the way from the Deputy Head, to the Chairman of the USSR Revoensuit and the Commissar on Military and Maritime Affairs, became a candidate for members of the Politburo of the Central Committee and the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b). Michael Frunze also headed the headquarters of the Red Army and the RCKA Military Academy.

The main merit Frunze during this period can be considered a military reform, the purpose of which was to reduce the number of the Red Army, conducting the reorganization of the command staff. Frunze introduced uniqueness, the territorial system of dividing the troops, participated in the creation of two independent structures within the Soviet Army - permanent troops and mobile divisions of the militia.

Monument to Mikhail Frunze in Penza

At this time, Frunze developed a military theory, which was outlined in a number of publications - "Unified Military Doctrine and Red Army", "Military-Political Education of the Red Army", "Front and Rear in the War of the Future", "Lenin and Red Army", "Our Military construction and tasks of a military-scientific society. "

During the next decade, landing and tank troops, new artillery and automatic weapons appeared thanks to Frunze's efforts, new artillery and automatic weapons were developed, the methods of conducting rear support for troops were developed. Mikhail Vasilyevich managed to stabilize the situation in the Red Army in a short time. Theoretical developments of tactics and strategies of fighting in the conditions of imperialist war, laid down by Frunze, were fully implemented during World War II.

Personal life

Nothing is known about the personal life of the Red War Server before the revolution. Mikhail Frunze married only after 30 years on the daughters of Sophier Alekseevna Popova. In 1920, Tatyana's daughter was born in the family, after three years - the son of Timur. After the death of parents' parents, a grandmother took her upbringing. When the grandmothers did not become, Brother and sister fell into the family of Mikhail Vasilyevich - Klim Voroshilov.

Mikhail Frunze with his wife and children

After graduating from school, Timur enrolled in the flight school, during the war he served as a pilot fighter. He died in 19 years in the sky over the Novgorod region. Posthumously awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Tatyana's daughter graduated from the Chemical Technology Institute, during the war she worked in the rear. He married Lieutenant-General Anatoly Pavlova, from which two children gave birth to the Son of Timur and daughter Elena. The descendants of Mikhail Frunze live in Moscow. Granddaughter is engaged in chemistry.

Death and rumors about murder

In the fall of 1925, Mikhail Frunze turned to doctors about the treatment of stomach ulcers. The general was appointed an easy operation, after which, on October 31, Frunze died suddenly. The official cause of the death of General was to infect blood, according to the unofficial version - the death of Frunze contributed to Stalin.

Funeral Mikhail Frunze

A year later, Mikhail Vasilyevich's wife committed suicide. The FRUNZE body is buried on Red Square, Sophia Alekseevna's grave is located at the Novodevichy Cemetery of Moscow.

Memory

The unofficial version of the death of Frunze was taken as the basis of the work of Pilnyak "The Tale of the Outstanding Moon" and Memoirov of Emigrant Bazhanov "Memories of the former secretary of Stalin". The biography of General was interested not only by writers, but also of Soviet and Russian filmmakers. The image of the brave commanders of the Red Army was used in 24 films, in 11 of which Frunze played the actor Roman Zhanovich Khomyatov.

Monument to Mikhail Frunze at the Universal Academy

The name of the commander is called streets, settlements, geographical objects, boats, destroyed destroyers and cruisers. Monuments Mikhail Frunze installed in more than 20 cities of the former Soviet Union, including in Moscow, Bishkek, Almaty, St. Petersburg, Ivanovo, Tashkent, Kiev. The photo of General RKKA is in all textbooks on a new story.

Awards

  • 1919 - Order of the Red Banner
  • 1920 - Honorary Revolutionary Weapon

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