Biography
It is unlikely that there is such a person in the world who does not know the famous literary hero of Stirlitz, created by the writer Julian Semenov. The character from the black and white multi-seventeent film "Seventeen Moments of Spring" filed the audience an example of courage and courage, acting in the interests of the USSR in the territory of fascist Germany. But few people know that working on the book, the writer relied on real people who participated in the events of that troubled time from 1941 to 1945.
Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov - one of the prototypes of the famous Maximovich Isaev. This man who left a trace in the history of the Soviet Union is often called their among others or god intelligence. Acting under cover, this hero personally liquidated eleven high-ranking ranks of Nazi Germany. Of course, Nikolai Ivanovich helped the Motherland to win the difficult battle against Adolf Hitler's troops.
Childhood and youth
Nikanor Ivanovich (real name Kuznetsov, which was later changed in Nikolai) was born on July 27, 1911 in the village of Zyryanka, located in the Talitsk district of the Sverdlovsk region. Kuznetsov grew up in a conventional peasant family from six people. In addition to Nicholas, two girls were brought up in the house - Agafia and Lydia, as well as the boy Victor. Initially, the young man studied in a general education seven-year school, and then continued to education and entered the agricultural technical school in Tyumen.
The young man Corpel over the textbooks and tried to learn well, and was also accepted into the communist youth union. However, Nikolai had to leave a training institution, since the family lost the breadwinner - Ivan Kuznetsov, who died from tuberculosis. Having lost his father, the future hero of the Soviet Union began to take care of her mother, brothers and sisters, fulfilling the responsibilities of the head of the family.
But the life of life was not broken by a young man, he continued to gnaw the granite of science, enrolling in Talitsky Forest Technical School. At about the same time, Kuznetsov showed linguistic abilities, the guy began to learn the native language Goethe, Marx and Schiller - German. Thanks to highly qualified teachers, Nikolai quickly mastered a foreign language.
It is noteworthy that he studied not only official-business style, but also grabbed jargon and abnormative words thanks to communicating with the forester of German origin, which was once listed by the soldier of the Austrian-Hungarian army.
Also, the young man independently studied Esperanto - the most common planned language invented by the oculist replacement. It was on him that he translated the favorite poem "Borodino", composed by Lermontov. Among other things, Nikolai Ivanovich was overlapped by Ukrainian, Komi and Polish.
Pre-war years
Unfortunately, in the biography of Nikolai Ivanovich there are black spots. In 1929, a young man was excluded from the Komsomol, as the information that Kuznetsov had a whitevary-kulatsky origin. A year later, in the spring, Nikolai was in Kudymkar, where he settled the assistant taxator on the construction of local values. Later, the polyglot was taken back to the technical school, but the diploma was not allowed. Also, a hardworking young man was again adopted in the ranks of the Komsomol, but not for long.
Working at the enterprise, Kuznetsov complained by the law enforcement councils on colleagues in the workshop, which were engaged in theft of state property. Two decks received a sentence in the form of imprisonment for 4-8 years, and Kuznetsov also got into opal and was sentenced to the year of correctional work. In addition, Nikolai Ivanovich worked on "Multipromozeuz", as well as in the "Red Hammer" promoters.
In 1934 he worked as statisticians in the "Sverdles" trust, and then the drawer in the Ekaterinburg plant. A year later, the guy settled on the Uralmashzavod, but was fired for repeated absenteeism. In 1938 he was arrested by the Office of the NKVD and spent several months in places of detention.
The Great Patriotic War
It is worth saying that Nikolai Ivanovich had an active civil position. He personally participated in the unification of private peasant farms in state collective farms. Kuznetsov traveled around the villages and villages and repeatedly came across the locals. At the moments of danger, the young man led himself fearlessly and judicially, for which the attention of the operational state security bodies was honored.
Also, thanks to the knowledge of the Komi Kuznetsov language, participated in the seizure of forest gangster groups and showed itself as a professional agent. In 1938, Nick Mikhail Ivanovich Zhuravlev gave a positive characteristic of Kuznetsov and offered to take a talented polyglot to the central apparatus. The conviction and repeated controversial moments in the biography of Nikolai Ivanovich did not allow this to do, however, due to the vague political situation in the country, the authorities had to come with their principles.
Kuznetsov received the status of a particularly classified special agent, as well as a passport in the name of Rudolf Wilhelmovich Schmidt. From 1939, in the past, a simple worker was carried out by the tasks entrusted by government agencies and was introduced into a diplomatic life, which was boiling in Moscow.
When the Great Patriotic War began, the leadership of the USSR created a group of intelligence under the command of Pavel Sudplatov. Having entered into the ranks of the Special Group at the People's Commissar of the USSR, Nikolay Kuznetsov reincarnated in German Lieutenant Paul Wilhelm Siebert, who was originally listed in the military-air forces of Germany, and then set out in the infantry.
The Russian intelligence officer watched the life and gear of Germany, and also personally communicated with the high-ranking ranks of the Third Reich. The Germans did not notice the trick because the Russian agent was like a true Aryans. In addition, in the orientation of the Abver favored that Kuznetsov owned at least six dialects of German. That is, the intelligence officer found out where his interlocutor comes from, and as if by clicking the finger switched to the desired dialect.
Having arranged an ambush on February 7, 1943, Nikolai Ivanovich found out from Major Gahan, taken captive, about the rate of Adolf Hitler in the north of Ukraine. Also Kuznetsov received a secret card. Information about "Vervolph" was urgently transferred to the Moscow leadership.
The main task of Nikolai Kuznetsov was to eliminate Gaulier Erich Koch. However, both attempts to destroy the Honorary Obergrupenfürera SS were doomed to Fiasco. The first attempt Nikolai Ivanovich was planning to make a parade in honor of the birthday of the Fuhrer, and the second attempt was made during the personal admission of Koha. However, for the first time, Erich did not bother to appear on the parade, and in the second ziebert did not go to such a risky step, because there were many witnesses and security.
Also Kuznetsov attempted to destroy the Trustee Koha - Paul Dargel. But this plan failed with a crash: Paul was injured from grenades, lost both legs, but survived. In the fall of 1943, Ziebert fulfilled his last operation in Rivne: In the courtroom, the Obrafurr SA Alfred Funk was shot.
Among other things, the native of Zyryanka declassified the German operation called a "long jump", the essence of which was to kill the main enemies of Adolf Hitler, the so-called "big triple" - Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt. Kuznetsov received reasonable information from Hans Ulrich, the rim, who, after making a hot drink, did not know how to keep the tongue.
Personal life
Contemporaries Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov said that the Hero of the Soviet Union was the ladies and changed women as if gloves. Elena Chuhana, who worked as a nurse in Kudymkar became the first elected brave man. Beloved fastened the relationship between marriages, but three months after the marriage Nikolai Ivanovich left the spouse, having left for the Perm region. The official divorce of the Kuznetsov did not have time to issue.
Scouts can be positioned as a Donzhuana, he had numerous love ties with the metropolitan primaries of the ballet, but among all other young ladies it is worth noting a certain Oxana Obolenskaya. For this lady, Nikolai Ivanovich cared for a true cavalier and, in order not to remain unnoticed, I composed about myself a beautiful legend and introduced himself as a German pilot Rudolph Schmidt, most likely, based on those reflections that women are a pant for foreigners.
But on the eve of the war Oksana did not want to contact a man who allegedly had a German surname. Therefore, Obolenskaya preferred to Kuznetsov his compatriot. But to stop the beloved and show your true "I" Nikolai Ivanovich could not. According to rumors, the scout asked Colonel Dmitry Medvedev so that in the event of the death of Kuznetsov revealed the truth of Obolenskaya.
Death and Memory
Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov and his comrades Yang Kaminsky and Ivan Belov fell from the hands of Stepan Bandera comrades. The fact is that reconnaissance had to stop on the territory of Ukraine, when they traveled behind the retreating German troops. According to one version, Kuznetsov died, participating in a shootout with the UPA, on the other, blew at the grenade. The hero died on March 9, 1944.
The estimated burial place of Nikolai Ivanovich was found in the bonticule. Strutinsky (Comrade Kuznetsova, participating in the search operation), ensuring that the remains of the scout offer land on the Hill of Fame.
Monuments of Kuznetsov in the cities of Lviv and evenly suffered from the hands of Vandals - members of the Ukrainian Nationalist underground. Later, one of the monuments transported to Talitsa. In 2015, a monument was destroyed in the village of Pepache.
Also in honor of Nikolai Ivanovich named the museum in his native village of Zyryanka.
Awards
- 1944 - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union
- 1943 and 1944 - Order of Lenin
- 1944 - Medal "Partizana of the Patriotic War" 1 degree
- 1999 - Medal "Defender of the Fatherland"
- 2004 - Medal "60 years of liberation of Ukraine from fascist invaders"