Biography
Mikhail Kalashnikov - Soviet and Russian designer, the creator of the Kalashnikov machine, which is familiar to residents of all world states.Childhood and youth
Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was born on November 10, 1919. Maja Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov is the village of Kury Altai Territory. The designer took place from a large family, in which 19 children were born, but only 8 people survived, including Mikhail Timofeevich. Kalashnikov's parents were peasants.
Timofey Alexandrovich in 1930 was recognized as a fist, so the family was sent to the village of the Lower Mokhovaya Tomsk region. As a child, the young designer showed interest in technical means, studied the principles of operation of mechanisms. In the school years, Kalashnikov demonstrated knowledge of geometry and physics, but also easily given him literature.
Only after graduation, Mikhail Timofeevich decides to return to Altai, but I could not find a job in the region, so I returned to the family. Due to the fist family, there could not receive a passport for a long time Kalashnikov, but then faked the local commandant's seal in the certificate and the document was in hand.
Mikhail again returns to Altai. At this time, there is a first acquaintance with the device of weapons. The young man was able to disassemble the browning pistol. When Kalashnikov turned 18 years old, the designer moves to Kazakhstan. The guy hired at the depot of the station Matay Turkestan-Siberian Railway. Mikhail did not just communicate with locksmiths and machinists, but also gained knowledge about the technique that admired since childhood.
In 1938, Mikhail Timofeevich went to serve in the Red Army. The service took place in the Kiev Special Military District. After some time, Kalashnikov became a tank driver mechanic, after which the designer was transferred to the 12th tank division. During the service in the ranks of the Red Army, Mikhail created an inertial counter of shots from a tank gun. Also, among the development of a young man, the equipment was present to increase the effectiveness of the shooting of the TT pistol, the tank motor meter.
In 1942, this device was sent to mass production. Unfortunately, military actions prevented the project implementation. About this equipment of Kalashnikov personally reported by the Commander of the Kiev Special Military District, General of the Army, Georgy Zhukov.
After the conversation, Mikhail Timofeevich is sent to the Kiev Tank School, where he creates prototypes and conducts research. Later, Kalashnikov moves to Moscow, where continues to work on the equipment. Already on the Leningrad Plant. Voroshilova Mikhail with masters modified the counter.
Great designer
During the Great Patriotic War, Kalashnikov received a serious injury, so for several weeks he was treated in the hospital, and after a man sent on vacation. This time, Mikhail Timofeevich, dedicated to the creation of a machine gun gun.After his own sample brought to the desired condition, Kalashnikov sent him to the competition. Admiration Commission has not experienced, since, according to specialists, weapons are expensive and difficult. For comparison, PPS and PPS were taken. Despite this, the talent of the designer noticed.
In 1942, Mikhail Timofeevich takes the service to the main artillery administration of the Red Army. A man delivers weapons in the ranks of servicemen. The leadership soon gave Kalashnikov a new task: the designer was required to develop a weapon, taking the "intermediate" cartridge with a caliber of 7.62x39 mm. The gun or machine must have a shot range for 200-800 meters.
In addition to Mikhail Timofeevich, constructors who already have experience participated in the competition. Thanks to this, Self-temperature Carabiner Simonov appeared in the army, a manual machine gun of Degtyarev. Kalashnikov's automaton represented a complex design. None of the samples of the gunsmith approached the requirements of the competition. The first stage ended with refinement, and the second - the victory of young participants. On the Internet you can see the photo Kalashnikov, who is passionate about the work.
Mikhail Timofeevich was in no hurry to engage in innovation, and ingenious ideas of the designer cannot be called. Meanwhile, the machine is designed from high-quality units and mechanisms tested in practice. Weapons can shoot in any situation, including after the fall of water, dirt. There is no difficulty in cleaning and disassembling.
Thanks to the famous designs, Kalashnikov machine can be manufactured on existing equipment in large quantities. The cost of weapons is recognized as low. Mikhail Timofeevich created an automatic machine not as a designer, but as an ordinary soldier, which is important that the device is simple, comfortable and understandable.
At 30, Mikhail Kalashnikov became the laureate of the Stalinist Prize. The designer received the Order of the Red Star for a unique development. Immediately after that, the machine was transferred to the production of the Izhevian Armory Plant. The designer moved to Udmurtia to actively participate in the creation of weapons. Mikhail Timofeevich constantly improved the invention.
For a long time, Kalashnikov tried to establish production, since during the process a lot of marriage was obtained, including in a bodily box. The specialist changed technology, stopped the choice on the milling, which significantly won the manufacture of equipment. As soon as the problem was decided, returned to the initial idea.
Soon the gunsmith created a new modification of AKM. From this time, the machines and machine guns Kalashnikov became the main small arms of the infantry, as Simonov and Degtyarev's creations were removed from production. In the 70s, they decided to take up low-empty cartridges 5.45x39 mm. Competitions announced among the designers. Mikhail Timofeevich was awarded again victory.
Back in the 50s, Kalashnikov's weapons began to be supplied to the Allies on the organization of the Warsaw Treaty, to other countries with which the USSR was in friendly relations. But the black weapon market flourished in those days, so many underground workers began to copy the creation of Mikhail Timofeevich.
Foreign companies took as the basis of the Kalashnikov automatic, but complemented by their own developments, which were mainly expressed in new design. Despite the fact that the weapon received a new name in each country, AK remained. Kalashnikov's automaton remains one of the most popular and reliable in the world. AK occupies 15% of the weapon world.
In 1963, Mikhail Timofeevich began developing RPCs equipped with a folding butt and night vision sight. At the same time, Kalashnikov tried to develop an automatic pistol for 9x18 cartridges. But the gunsmith could not compete with a stechkin. Mikhail Timofeevich, Mikhail Timofeevich, could not pay a sufficient amount of attention to this development.
Already in the 1970s, Kalashnikov tried a new sphere of activity - Hunting carbines. As the basis of the gunsmith took his own machine. Immediately after testing, the Karabina was sent to production. In 1992, the master creates a self-loading hunting carabiner "Saiga", equipped with an optical sight.
Personal life
In the biography of Mikhail Kalashnikov there are 2 marriages. The first wife of the man was Ekaterina Danilovna Astakhov, who was born in the Altai Territory, after worked in the railway station station Matay. In 1942, the son of Victor appeared in the family. Later, Mikhail Timofeevich and Ekaterina Danilovna broke up. The ex-spouse with the child remained in Kazakhstan. In 1956, a woman died suddenly, so Kalashnikov passed the Son to Izhevsk.
The second wife Mikhail Timofeevich became Ekaterina Viktorovna Moiseeva. Woman worked as a designer technician. From the first marriage, the woman had a daughter Nelli. But Kalashnikov launched the girl.
Later, the family appeared in the family - Natalia and Elena, the latter occupies the post of President of the Interregional Public Foundation. M.T. Kalashnikova. Unfortunately, Natalia died in the 30th age. Mikhail Timofeevich walked a happy father and grandfather. Children presented five grandchildren: Mikhail, Alexander, Evgenia and Alexander, Igor.
Death
Calashnikov health problems appeared in 2012. The designer's referent stated that this was the cause of care from work. In December of the same year, a man was hospitalized to the republican clinical and diagnostic center of Udmurtia for a planned survey. Another deterioration of well-being was recorded in the summer of 2013. Through the aircraft of the Ministry of Emergency Situations with special equipment, Mikhail Timofeevich was delivered to Moscow."In connection with the need for a medical examination, the doctors decided to send Mikhail Timofeevich to one of the Moscow clinics," the Ministry of Emergency Situations said.Moscow doctors diagnosed by the gunsmith thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. Within a few weeks over Kalashnikov, Corpeli Metropolitan doctors. As a result, the well-being of a man improved, after which the designer returned home to Izhevsk.
In November, Mikhail Timofeevich again felt bad, so the 17th of the designer was hospitalized in the resuscitation department of the Republican Clinical and Diagnostic Center for Udmurtia. Kalashnikov's relatives believe that the state of the gunsmith affected the preparations for celebrations on the occasion of the 94th anniversary of Mikhail Timofeevich.
In early December, Kalashnikov conducted an emergency operation, but the surgical intervention worsened the state of the constructor. After a month, visible improvements did not notice the doctors. A few days before the death of the gunsmith transferred to intensive care due to gastric bleeding. The death of Mikhail Timofeevich became known on December 23.
Farewell to Mikhail Kalashnikov took place on December 25 and 26, and Panhid took place in the Holy Mikhailovsky Cathedral of Izhevsk. In connection with the death of a designer in Udmurtia, mourning on the orders of the head of the region declared. Kalashnikov's funeral was held in the Pantheon of the heroes of the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery.
At the burial ceremony, officials and major persons of the state, including Vladimir Putin and Sergei Shoigu, Andrei Vorobyov and Sergey Ivanov, Denis Manturov, were present at the burial ceremony. Condolences expressed Sergey Chezov's general director of the State Company Rostech. A monument to Mikhail Kalashnikov appeared at the Garden Ring in Moscow. The designer for the created weapon was awarded medals "Golden Star" and "Sickle and Hammer".
Memory
In memory of the great inventor, a lot of artistic and documentary paintings were shot. One of the brightest films - "Kalashnikov", published in the 2020th. The role of Mikhail Timofeevich played actor Yuri Borisov.
Inventions
- Inertial Counter Shots of Tank Guns
- AK-47
- Manual machine gun Kalashnikov
- Machine gun Kalashnikov
- Kalashnikov machine 100 series
- Self-loading hunting carbine "Saiga"
- Automatic gun Kalashnikov
Awards
- 1946 - Medal "For a victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
- 1947 - Order of the October Revolution
- 1949 - Red Star Order
- 1958, 1969, 1976 - Order of Lenin
- 1958, 1976 - Hero of Socialist Labor
- 1958, 1976 - Medal "Sickle and Hammer"
- 1975 - Order of the Red Banner
- 1982 - Order of the Friendship of Peoples
- 1985 - Order of the Patriotic War I degree
- 1993 - Zhukov Medal
- 1994 - Order "For Services to Fatherland" II degree
- 1998 - the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrei First Called
- 2004 - Order "For Military Merit"
- 2009 - Hero of the Russian Federation
- 2009 - Medal "Golden Star"