Biography
Lesya Ukrainka is a writer who worked in different genres, be it journalistic translations, poems, elegances or plays. For his short life, Lesya composed a number of works and released poetic compilations, which later became immortal.
Larisa Petrovna Koshach (real name of the writer) was born 13 (25) of February 1871 in the city of Novograd-Volynsky, located in the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine. The future poetess grew in the informant family of noble origin, her parents are people from the left bank of Ukraine, the descendants of the Malorosi Cossack German, who confessed the Orthodox religion.
Father Lesi, Koshach Petro Antonovich, was an educated landowner from Chernigov nobles, in university years he was fond of literature, mathematics and jurisprudence. After graduating from Kiev, the University entered the Kiev Chamber of the Criminal Court as a candidate for the judicial investigator. The writer's father began his career with the rank of college secretary and the excellent service was transferred to the actual statistical advisers.
Petro Antonovich adored literature, music and was fond of painting. In his house, comrades were often gathered for the interests who enjoyed songs, works of classics, and also admired paintings.
Petro Antonovich's wife, Olga Petrovna, - Sister of the famous journalist Dragomanova Mikhail Petrovich, was fond of writing activities. According to rumors, Larisa was not for Olga Petrovna with a welcome child. The woman could not recover from the firstborn Mikhail, and also the pregnancy proceeded hard, and after the birth of the girl and milk was gone at all.
Olga Petrovna was an erudite woman, knew many languages: European, Slavic, ancient Greek and Latin. Mother gave a wonderful home education to children, for example, being a 19-year-old girl, Lesya was a textbook for sisters called the "Ancient History of Eastern Peoples". It is also known that the custodian of the home focus acquired Ukrainian books for the club library, translated several stories of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol to the Ukrainian language and released his own compilation of poems.
Lesia Ukrainka brought up with the younger sister of Olga (1877) and elder brother Mikhail (1869). Mikhail Petrovich was also not far from creativity, from under his pen there was a number of remarkable stories and the novel, published in periodicals. He translated into his native language as Gogol and Vladimir Korolenko, Gendle Senkevich, as well as Francis Brita Garth.
Brother and sister were not spilling water, for which they got from parents a common nickname Michelosie. The boy and the girl got home education, studied with private teachers. The future writer early learned to read - being a four-year-old child, Lesya already read folk tales with might and main. And at the five-year-old age, the forest composed small musical plays.
In 1882, the family was replenished in the family of Koschai - daughter Oksana's daughter was born, and then born mycola (1884) and Isidore (1888). The childhood of the girl was not cloudless: when the forest was 10 years old, she was cold. The disease proceeded hard, Petro Antonovich's daughter experienced sharp pain in her leg and hand. Originally, doctors believed that the Ukrainian was acute rheumatism, and the girl was treated with warming baths and healing ointments. But all attempts were in vain.
In 1883, the forest was diagnosed with bone tuberculosis, as a result of which the girl was operated on and she remained crippled. Therefore, about the musical career of Lesia, which perfectly owned the game on the piano, there was no speech.
Among other things, the future writer tried to know the painting and even chosen to a specialized school, where he studied to draw Nikolai Ivanovich Under the supervision. True, the girl did not hold down with tassels and paints: Lesya did not want to make the profession of the artist with his vocation. It is noteworthy that only one picture written by the poetess remained from that period.
Literature
Lesya Ukrainka composed her first poem due to sincere experiences. The fact is that in the spring of 1879, the aunt Elena Antonovna Kosakh was arrested and sent to Siberia for a period of five years for the fact that the allegedly atheld at Alexander Romanovich's Adjutant General. It is worth saying that Forest and aunt Ely, Sister Petro Antonovich, tied a warm relationship.
The woman often came to look after the children, and her friendship with the future writer left a noticeable footprint in the future life and creativity of poetess. Having learned about the arrest, an eight-year-old girl writes his debut dramatic poem called "Nadezhda" (1879-1880).
When Larisa Kosch was 12 years old, she began to write and publish in the journal "Zorya", and also dealt with the translations of the "nights of the farm near Dikanka" Nikolai Gogol. At about the same time, the girl acquired a creative pseudonym. In 1883, the first poetic collection of young poetess "On the wings of the songs" came out.
It is worth saying that the literary activities of Lesia flowed into the era of imperialism, the first Russian revolution, and in the Ukrainian work of those times, clearly pronounced directions were determined. Ukrainka did not adhere to a single course: the girl did not attribute him to decadents, nor to naturalists, but it was imbued with revolutionary ideas. In her works find the echoes of romanticism, rather than realism.
After the forest married, she began to work in accelerated mode. On May 5, 1907, Ukrainian completed the popular poem "Aisha and Mohammed", and also added the work of "Cassandra", the beginning of which was laid back in 1893. In the same 1907, Lesya worked on works "for the Mountain Zarnitsa", "in the forest" and "Rufin and Priscilla".
Personal life
The first chief of the forest was the public figure Sergey Merzhinsky, with whom the writer met in 1898. True, this love brought Larisa Petrovna is not wings of happiness, but the Great Mountain: Sergey Konstantinovich died from tuberculosis. Shortly before the death of his beloved Lesya came to the sick Sergey, and in one of the cold winter evenings, the creative biography of the writer was replenished with a drama "Oders" (1901).
In 1907, the poetess moved to the Crimea with the new chief of Clement Vasilyevich Kvitka, who was considered one of the founders of Soviet musical ethnography. It is noteworthy that young people met in 1898, when Larisa Petrovna recreated her story "Above the Sea" in the literary and artistic circle of Kiev University.
Clement Vasilyevich was also sick with tuberculosis, and it can be said that hasty moving to the Crimea saved his life, because the mild climate and active treatment forced the deadly disease to retreat. Lovers legalized the relationship on August 7, 1907, there were no children in a married couple.
Death
A severe disease made the writer from childhood being treated at the resorts. Thus, in the last years of Larisa Petrovna Koshach dwells in hot countries - Egypt and Georgia. However, all the efforts of the Lesia will overcome the tuberculosis of the bones were in vain: it seemed that the disease does not retreat, but on the contrary, it is inexorably progress. In addition, to all the ailments of Larisa Petrovna gained kidney disease.
But, despite physical failure, Lesya found the strength for the work of creativity. In the last years of life, she submitted lyrical works on the court: a Drama-Forest Song, the poem "Orgy", the epic triptych "What will the power give us?", "Orfeevo Miracle", "about Giant".
The Great Ukrainian writer died on July 19 (August 1) of 1913 in the 42nd age. The grave of poetess is located on the bike cemetery in Kiev. In memory of a talented poetess, many streets are named, a museum and the National Academic Theater of the Russian Drama are open. It is noteworthy that in 2001 the portrait of the Forest was placed on the Ukrainian bill with a par with 200 hryvnia.
Bibliography
- 1893 - "On the wings of the songs"
- 1899 - "Thoughts and Greens"
- 1902 - "Fees"
- 1911 - "Forest Song"