Biography
The personality of Alexander Bella's scientist is truly legendary, because it was this genius invented a metal detector, a seaplane and telephone - the items that became an integral part of the daily lives of modern society.Childhood and youth
Alexander Graya Bell was born in the Scottish city of Edinburgh on March 3, 1847, in the family of philologists. The grandfather of the scientist was the founder of the school of oratory and the author of the book "Elegant passages". It is noteworthy that grandfather began his career with a shoemaker, but the thrust to the beautiful led him to the scene.
At first, the man performed in the theater, then became a reader, recording excerpts from Shakespeare's plays. Success was so wondered that he began to give diction lessons and opened his own school of oratory in London. So the family business was born, the successor of which was the father of the inventor Alexander Melville Bell, who at one time even published the treatise on the art of eloquence.
The future science leader grew up in the atmosphere of music and a tremendous attitude towards the sounds of a human voice. At the age of 14, he moved to London, to his grandfather. And after three years, after receiving medical and philosophical education in Edinburgh and Würzburg, has already begun independent life, teaching music and oratory at the Weston Hauz Academy.
Having thoroughly examining the acoustics and physics of human speech, Bell became an assistant of the head of the family, who by that time worked on the methodology for the production of competent diction.
It is known that the mother of the creator of the hydrosapolta was the hearing impaired and it was her that all new items were intended to study sounds. The father came up with the "Visual Speech" system, in which the sounds of the speech were designated written symbols and pictures, indicating which at this time there should be a mimic of the speech apparatus (some transcription of words, but for people who never heard sounds).
After the Alexander brothers died from tuberculosis, the family in 1870 moved first to Canada, and then to America. There they continued working with people and sound. Work in Boston went successfully. Jr. Bell opened his own school in the city, in which he trained the basics of the family methodology of other teachers.
As soon as Alexander Greiam has a steady source of income, the scientist returned to the experiments on the transfer of votes on the wires, which he became interested in England. Bell created a small laboratory in which he experimented at night, in his free time.
Among the wards, restored hearing, there was a future wife of the Science Worker - Mabe, the daughter of the businessman Gardner Hubbard, and the five-year-old son of the skin merchant named Thomas Sanders.
Inventions and science
In 1876, at the World Scientific Exhibition in Philadelphia Bell presented his new invention under the name "Phone". On March 7 of the same year, Alexander received a patent for his invention. It is noteworthy that at the exhibition, representatives of the scientific community called the phone with a useless toy.
Bell to settle with debts, was ready to sell the invention for $ 100 thousand. Western Union company, but representatives of Western Union did not consider the purchase favorable. Later, the Wu leadership realized that he had made a mistake and offered a scientist cooperation.
It is worth noting that at the initial stages, the phone was not perfect - the device was distinguished by the sound, and it was possible to talk with it only at a distance of 250 meters. Therefore, the inventor continued to constantly improve the device. In February 1880, Bell, together with the assistant, invented the device called a photophone designed to transfer sounds to the distance with light.
In 1881, the scientist has improved the metal detector created in the XIX century to search for rudonic lived. The appearance of the metal detector was promoted by tragic events. In 1901, Bell invented the pyramid air snake. It consisted of four triangular sides. The device was incredibly light, strong and durable. According to some reports, he could lift in the air of man.
Together with his wife Bell in 1907 created the "Association of Experimental Aeronautics". In 1909, an airplane called "Silver Dart" was built. The first flight Airplane made on February 23, 1909. This date is considered to be the birthday of Canadian aviation.
In 1919, the HD-4 boat was built according to the studies of the scientist, which set a new record speed record. It is known that this swimming apparatus on the underwater wings developed a speed of up to 113 kilometers per hour.
Business
At the end of 1879, Western Union concluded an agreement with the inventor companions. So the combined company "Bell Company" appeared, the main part of the shares of which belonged to Alexander. It is reliably known that the price of one share of the company was $ 1 thousand. This organization laid the beginning of the development of telephony and the emergence of new telephone companies. Already by 1900, 1.5 million phones were installed in the United States, and in two years - 13 million.
Bell looked into the future and to prepare new frames provided financial support to young professionals. In total, by 1900, more than two and a half thousand patents for inventions related to telephony were issued. The Money Bell received from the inventions was opened by the Institute for the Italian Physics Alessandro Volta.
Did not forget Bell and about publicity. In addition to scientific activity, the figure of science was engaged in patronage and was a naturalist. It is known that Alexander participated in the creation of the national geographical community and founded the magazine "National Geographic", which is published and now.
As a result, Alexander Grayam received worldwide recognition, and his company was and remains to this day the world leader in the production of telecommunications, computer and electronic systems. A scientist said as he said that the day would come when a person could see the image on the phone with whom he says, and that day has long come.
Bloss-based company still remains true to its founder. Innovative technologies, such as C ++ programming language, the first prototypes of DNA machines and a space map of dark matter - all this was created in the scientific laboratories of its institution.
Personal life
Most of the scientific papers and inventions of Bella was devoted to the improvement of communications. It is also known that for a couple of years, the scientist read lectures and engaged with deaf-and-and-and-the-mounted students. Thanks to these classes, the genius of science and met the first and only wife of Mabbard.
They met when the chief of the creator of the phone was barely turned 15 years old. On the day of the 18th anniversary of the beloved, their engagement took place. Since then, this date has become a special holiday for lovers. After a year and a half, Bell copied a sufficient amount of money and convinced Mabe's parents that his financial situation allows him to provide both their daughter and their future joint children. As a result, the father and mother Hubbart gave consent to the wedding, and Mabele and Alexander became her husband and his wife.
In the correspondence of a marba with mother, the girl often wrote that every day she recognizes Bella with a new one who had an unprecedented side. These little discoveries gave a lady to understand that she made the right choice and now next to her a person who can be trusted.
Unlimited love Hubbart expressed through food, so it is not surprising that in a couple of years after the wedding, the weight of the scientist reached a mark of 100 kg (40 kg more than he weighed before marrying).
After the wedding, which took place in 1877, the newlyweds conducted a honeymoon in the town of Niagara Falls, located in the southern part of Ontario Province (Canada). Bell often leaving on business trips. During separation, the scientist dreamed of his wife and, in order not to torment the soul, I decided to take with me and Maber in all trips.
It is worth noting that the only reason for the occurrence of conflicts in the Bellov family was the habit of Alexander to work only at night. The working day of the scientist ended at 4 o'clock in the morning, and until that time, Hubburt persecuted her husband in crowded, because he could not fall asleep without his presence nearby.
A couple of times, Alexander tried to change the routine of the working day to please his wife, but these attempts were unsuccessful. Over the years of married life, the chosen her husband has two daughters and two sons, but both boys died in early childhood. Their death was a big blow for spouses, but Mabe was treated for this philosophical, stating that her sons will remain with her forever, in her memories.
The teacher and his student lived together 45 years of happy family life.
Death
Bell for a couple of years suffered from severe illness and a long time was chained to bed. On the day of death, the businessman came to himself only for a couple of minutes. Then Alexander saw the beloved Mabel sitting near his bed and smiled at her. Woman tearfully asked not to leave her, but it did not follow the answer from the creator of the phone. A man slightly squeezed his spouse's hand and closed his eyes forever.
The famous inventor died on August 2, 1922 (75 years old), in his estate in the province of New Scotland, located in the east of Canada. It is reliably known that on August 4, 1922, all phones were turned off for a minute. So the country gave the last honors to a person who gave people the opportunity to communicate with each other, despite the distance.
The name of the scientist is immortalized in its inventions and documentaries, which are based on biographical facts from the life of genius. Few people know, but in 2002 the US Congress admitted that the phone did not come up with Bell, but Italyan Antonio Meucci. A man created an invention for a couple of years before Alexander, but did not receive a patent and died in poverty. After this news, the global scientific community began to believe that Bell simply took advantage of a competitor's failure and assigned it to open himself.
Interesting Facts
- The inventor of the phone Alexander Bell proposed as a telephone greeting to use the word "Ahoy" from the lexicon of German sailors. Later, Thomas Edison offered a more traditional "Hello", which penetrated into Russian, changed to "Hello!".
- Alexander Bell, besides the inventions of innovative devices, tried to teach his dog to speak.
- Being a deeply religious person, Alexander Grayaim Bell sincerely believed that his invention - the phone - will help communicate with the souls of the dead.
- The inventor of the phone has never called his mother and his wife: they were both deaf.
Inventions
- 1858 - Machine for grain
- 1874 - Frontavogram
- 1876 - Phone
- 1879 - Audiometer
- 1880 - Photophone
- 1881 - Metal detector, vacuum pump
- 1901 - Pyramidal Aerial Snake
- 1909 - Airplane "Silver Dart"
- 1919 - Boat on underwater wings HD-4