Biography
The works of the representative of the Silver Age Dmitry Merezhkovsky are extremely complex for understanding and perception. This writer is familiar to the modern reader as the creator of the new path magazine and the author of a number of religious and philosophical collections of writings. Among other things, this man, together with the devil with the Rus Malnogy, the poetess Zinah, Hippius, was the owner of a large Petersburg literary salon, at the evenings of whose first samples of the feather demonstrated the classics Sergey Yesenin, Alexander Blok and Osip Mandelstam.Childhood and youth
Dmitry Sergeevich Meriarykovsky was born on August 2, 1865 in the capital of France - Paris. The Father of the writer Sergei Ivanovich was an official, and the mother of Varvara Vasilyevna led a household and was engaged in raising children. It is known that in the family of Merezhkovsky was six sons and three daughters. Dmitry was the youngest and supported close relationship only with Brother Konstantin, who later became a biologist.
The situation in the House of Merezhkovsky was simple: the table never leaned from the yoke, since the head of the family thus had a way of children from the common vices - the motorcycle and striving for luxury. Leaving in office trips, parents left children on the care of German chickens and an old nanny, which before bedtime told Dmitry Tales based on the lives of saints.
In the future, biographers came to the conclusion that Nianny's stories were the cause of fanatical religiosity, in early childhood manifested in the nature of the creator of the poem "Children of Nights". Also, the spiritual formation of the poet also had the influence of the fact that the writer from the young age was attracted with a sense of loneliness, which later found a reflection in his books and verses.
In 1876, Dmitry entered the third classical gymnasium of St. Petersburg. The Merezhkovsky-Sr., who was interested in prose and poetry, was the first to appreciate the success of the heir to the field of storm. In 1880, his father, taking advantage of the meeting with the Countess Sofia Andreevna Tolstoy, the widow of the poet Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy, led his son to the house to Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, so that he would appreciate the literary talent of the offspring.
Later in the "autobiographical note" Dmitry Sergeevich will write that during reading the work was greatly worried. Dostoevsky, hearing the young writer to the end, stated that the material is extremely raw and weak, and to write masterpieces, it is necessary to go through all the circles of hell and find out what suffering and misunderstanding.
In 1884, Dmitry became a student of the Historical and Philology Faculty of St. Petersburg University. Here the future writer became interested in the philosophy of positivism, and also showed interest in French literature. In 1888, Merezhkovsky defended the graduation work on the philosopher of the Renaissance - Montithe, graduated from the university and decided to devote himself exclusively literary work.
Literature
The literary debut of Merezhkovsky took place in 1880 in the magazine "Picturesque Review". Then the published poem "Tuchka" and "Autumn Melody" were published. In 1888, the first book of the Merezhkovsky "Poem (1883-1887)" was published in St. Petersburg, in 1892 - the collection "Symbols (songs and poems)" and in 1893 - brochure "On the reasons for decline and new currents of modern Russian literature".
1899 became for Dmitry Sergeevich Rotary. The writer in the works more and more often applied to religious issues, and two years later, in 1901, Zinaida Hippius filed the Merezhkovsky idea of creating a philosophical and religious mug, in which the intelligentsia could discuss urgent questions.
The popularity of Dmitry came from his first roman trilogy "Christ and Antichrist": "Death of the gods. Julian Apostode "," Resurrected Gods (Leonardo da Vinci) "and" Antichrist Peter and Alexey ".
In the spring of 1906, Dmitry Sergeevich went to France with his wife. It was there that was published together with his wife and Dmitry philosopher labor "King and Revolution". In Paris, the poet also began working on the trilogy on the theme of the Russian history of the XVIII-XIX centuries "Kingdom of the Beast."
In 1908, the first part of this trilogy is published - Paul I, for which the writer almost was put in prison, the second part of Alexander I is published five years later in 1913, and the third "December 14" - in 1918 .
In 1909, the Bibliography of the poet was replenished with the fourth collection of poems called "Meeting of Poems", and in 1915 the collection was published "it was and will be: a diary of 1910-1914" and a literary study "Two secrets of Russian poetry: Nekrasov and Tyutchev".
The most popular works of Dmitry Merezhkovsky 20-30s: "Birth of the Gods" (the second name "Twilight of the Gods"), "Messiah", "Napoleon", "The Mystery of the West: Atlantis-Europe", "Jesus Unknown", "Paul and Augustine, "Francis Assisi" and "Dante".
Personal life
The first serious amur enthusiasm of Merezhkovsky was the daughter of the publisher of the Northern Gazette. In the summer of 1885, the writer even made a trip with the Choices family in France and Switzerland, but this love story did not lead to anything.
In January 1889, Merezhkovsky married Zinaida Hippius, the future poetess and the writer, who became for his entire life with his closest friend, ideological companion and an accomplice of spiritual and creative quest. The Union of Merezhkovsky and Hippius is the most famous creative tandem in the history of the Russian culture of the "Silver Century".
Contemporaries noted that lovers, being the exact opposite of each other, were inseparable from each other. It is reliably known, after dating young people began to meet daily in the parks, and these meetings occurred strictly incognito. Every carefree the beginning of the conversation of Zinaida and Dmitry poured into a hot controversy, which only argued their mystical kinship souls.
Hippius before dating with Dmitry often offered to marry, but the freedom-loving young lady always answered the refusal. With Merezhkovsky everything was different. The writers did not have these stupid explanations in love, who did not tolerate the devil on the Spirit, and in one day they decided to legitimize relations without any obstinateness, starting to live together.
On January 8, 1889, the wedding ceremony took place in Tiflis. Wedding day the couple did not notice. Upon returning home, each of them went to work: Merezhkovsky - in prose, and hypius - to poetry. Much later in the memoirs of the poetess admitted that for her it was all so insignificant that she had not remembered the next morning for her next day that she was married.
It is reliably known that there was no intimate relationship between spouses. In principle, the villager was not interested in the carnal joy, and Meriazhkovsky, knowing about the moral wife, took her with all the advantages and minuses. Zinaide was often attributed to the novels on the side, but Merezhkovsky did not lag behind the spouse. It was the reaction of Hippius to her husband's hobbies called a quarrel with which this Union was died.
The largest scandal in the family caused the relationship of Merezhkovsky with Elena's exemplary - long-standing fan of the writer. In early April 1901, the young lady came to St. Petersburg, and the poet unexpectedly twisted his creativity with the admirer. At the end of July 1902, exemplary came to spouses again: formally - to offer material assistance to the magazine "New Way", in reality - for the reasons of romantic. Ultimately, Hippius with a scandal put his mistress from the house.
In 1905, the Merezhkovsky family became close to the publicist Dmitry Philosophical. The writers together were created and lived together. In the eyes of the Society, the "Triple Union" of writers was the top of indecency. People condemned Dmitry, saying that this behavior of the spouse disgraced him first of all.
Morrali's chasesrs forgot that the poetess, with Dmitry philosophers, could not have any vicious relations of hot, because the publicist was a non-traditional sexual orientation, and from one thought about physical contact with his woman "turned inside out."
As a result, the spouses provided each other full romantic freedom, having sacrificed her sensory side of marriage. Until the very end of the joint life path, Dmitry and Zinaida felt a full spiritual and intellectual unity, but the love of the speech was no longer walked, so Hippius and Merezhkovsky constantly looking for new emotions on the side.
Death
Merezhkovsky died suddenly on December 9, 1941 from the hemorrhage into the brain. Three days later the poet was held in the Orthodox Church of St. Alexander Nevsky. I buried the creator of the "God" poem in the Russian cemetery of St. Geneviev de Boua.
It is known that only a couple of people attended the mourning ceremony, and the grave monument was put on funds collected by the French publishers.
Bibliography
- 1895 - "Knight for Broken"
- 1895 - "Holy Satir"
- 1895 - "From Anatoly France"
- 1895 - "Death of Gods. Julian Apostate "
- 1896 - "Love is stronger than death"
- 1896 - "Love Science"
- 1897 - "Iron Ring"
- 1897 - "Transformation"
- 1897 - "Florentine novel XV century"
- 1901 - "Resurrected gods. Leonardo da Vinci "
- 1904-1905 - "Antichrist. Peter and Alexey
- 1908 - "Pavel I"
- 1911-1913 - "Alexander I"
- 1918 - "December 14"