Biography
Marshal USSR Dmitry Ustinova is called "the Stalinist Minister", since respect and honors came to him in the post-war years. And twice the hero of the Socialist Labor, the hero of the Soviet Union and Kavalera 11 of the orders of Lenin are called the last defender of socialism. Soon after his departure, the Soviet stroke shook and collapsed.Childhood and youth
The future marshal of the Soviets in the family of Samara worker was born in the family of Samara worker. In addition to Dmitry, the eldest son Nikolai smasted in the family. In Samara, difficult childhood passed. It ended when the boy turned 10 years old: to work forced poverty.
At the age of 14, Dmitry Ustinov is a volunteer in parts of a special purpose, or, as they were called, military party detachments in Samarkand, created with factory parties. And at 15, the young man joined the 12th Turkestan regiment and fought five months with Basmachi.
In 1923, after demobilization, Ustinov went to learn. Vocational and technical education received in Makarev under Kostroma. In the same place, graduating in 1927 by Profdekhshkolu, became a member of the Bolsheviks party.
Two years, in the 1929th, Dmitry Ustinov worked with a mechanic on a paper plant in the town of Balakhna, which in the Nizhny Novgorod region, then moved to the textile factory in Ivanovo (then Ivanovo-Voznesensk).
He studied Dmitry Ustinov without separation from work. Higher education received in the Polytechnic university Ivanovo-Voznesensk, where the responsible young man was chosen by a member of the partburo of the institute and entrusted to lead the Komsomol organization.
In the 1930s, the group where the future of the country's defense minister was studied, sent to the Moscow Military-Mechanical Institute. After 2 years, students were transferred to the city on the Neva, where they joined the university of the same profile.
In 1934, Dmitry received a diploma LWI and went to work as an engineer in the Leningrad Research Marine Institute. The career of a young specialist has developed rapidly: Ustinov was headed by the office, and after 3 years he became the deputy chief designer.
In 1937, Dmitry Ustinova was appointed to lead the Bolshevik factory - a large metallurgical and engineering enterprise, located in the northern capital.
The story has been preserved, as the new equipment led by the Ustinov, but the installation was delayed. The Inspection Commission from the Central Committee arrived at the enterprise with the audit. Soon to Moscow, on the politburo, for the "parsing", the leadership of the Bolshevik was called. The head of the Commission criticized the wire with the installation of machine tools, reinforcing the report by photographs of empty shops.
Joseph Stalin angrily demanded an explanation of the plant's management. Dmitry Ustinov was surprised by the head of state, presenting pictures of the same workshops on the 2nd day after the inspection departure. On the mounted equipment, workers gave the first products.
Military Service and Politics
In June 1941, Ustinov was appointed to lead the addict of weapons to the place of the arrested Boris Vanchenov. According to the son of Lavrentia Beria - Sergo - the choice in favor of Ustinova made his father. In July, Wannikova was freed, and he became the deputy and right hand of Dmitry Fedorovich. Together they put a lot of effort to evacuate factories and industrial enterprises in the country in the rear.
The main task, which was put before the Commissar, to establish the production of weapons. Dmitry Ustinov became the head of the Pleiads of Soviet engineers and designers and in cooperation with the leaders of military factories worked on the uninterrupted supply of ammunition for the forefront.
In 1945, the Deputy Ustinova visited Germany, at the Institute of Slave, where specialists from the USSR studied missile equipment remaining from the Nazis. After familiarization with the results of the trip, the country's leadership thought about the creation of the Soviet missile industry.
In mid-March 1946, Dmitry Ustinova appointed a minister of weapons. Opened opportunities allowed to embody plans for the construction of their missiles into life. For 7 years, the Minister of Ustinov did a colossal job in the rocket industry. In submission of the Ministry of Defense, the 7th control appeared, whose task is to develop a rocket project.
In the spring of 1953, Dmitry Ustinova was transferred to lead another department - the Ministry of Defense Industry, which he headed until the end of the 1957th. Marshal's merit is a developed unique system of anti-air defense of the capital and a modernized defense complex of the country. Military science and combat readiness of the Soviet Union during Ustinov rose at times.
From December 1957 to March 1963, Ustinov was headed by the Commission of the Presidium of the Council, which supervised the issues of the military-industrial complex. The next two years, Dmitry Fedorovich - Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the country.
Dmitry Fedorovich's environment spoke about the incredible working capacity of the official: he was enough for a dream for 3-4 hours a day, and in this mode he lived decades. Ustinov developed this habit of Ustinov during Generalissimi, who worked at night. With the inspection, he could come to the plant at 10 pm, then up to 4 am to discuss the seen and develop a strategy at the meeting. At the same time preserved the abilities of thought and delve into all the little things.
In the spring of 1976, Dmitry Ustinov was headed by the Defense Ministry of the Soviet Union and worked for posts until the end of life.
Marshal was part of the "Small" Politburo of the Central Committee - so called the informal core of old and influential members of the Committee headed by Gensen Leonid Brezhnev. Small Politburo and took the most important strategic decisions in the country's policies and life, which then voted at the official meeting.
Information about the voting of Dmitry Ustinov on the entry of the USSR troops in Afghanistan contradictory. According to one source, the minister voted together with Brezhnev and Yuri Andropov for entering, in others, opposed the operation.
When they talk about the doctrine of Ustinov, they mean the transfer of accent from the creation of powerful armored forces for the development of operational-tactical nuclear weapons. In accordance with the doctrine of the middle range, replaced the newest "pioneer".
Personal life
As in the work, in the family of Marshal everything was ordered and established. Spouse Dmitry Fedorovich - Taisiya Alekseevna - the keeper of home comfort and reliable rear. She gave birth to her husband two children - Son and daughter.
Firstborn Nikolai Ustinov was born in 1931. Ram, so called Ustinov-Jr. in childhood, went footsteps of his father and worked for the defense industry of the country. He became the founder and head of the scientific school, which developed the first laser technique, wrote hundreds of scientific papers.
The daughter of Vera was born 9 years after the appearance of the Son and chose a different scope of use of forces: Vera Ustinova - Honored Artist of the RSFSR, sang in the state chore. A. V. Sveshnikova, then taught vocals in the conservatory.
Death
Many people call Dmitry Ustinov's mysterious. It was not in December 1984, when the military maneuvers of the army of the countries entering the Warsaw Agreement ended. Following Ustinov, the Ministers of Defense of the GDR, Hungary and Czechoslovakia died.
Conspirologists see in the chain of deaths of some patterns and are associated with the beginning of the fall of the socialist building in the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Treaty.
Others do not see in the death of Ustinov mysterious attack and talk about age - Dmitry Fedorovich turned 76 years old, he was a seriously sick person, little caring about health. Marshal moved two operations to remove the cancer tumor, survived the heart attack. The cause of the death of the official was the vehicle inflammation of the lungs.
Dmitry Ustinov was held with proper honors. Urn with dust placed in the Kremlin wall. After 2 months, the last funeral took place at the Kremlin walls - Konstantin Chernenko. In 1984, the name of Marshal was given Izhevsk, but soon, at the rule of Mikhail Gorbachev, the city returned the old name.
Awards
- January 24, 1944 - Lieutenant-General of the Engineering and Artillery Service
- November 18, 1944 - Colonel-General of the Engineering and Artillery Service
- April 29, 1976 - General Army
- July 30, 1976 - Marshal of the Soviet Union