Biography
Russian Soviet writer and poet, playwright, satirik and kinosteraster Yuri Olesha presented the world a novel-fairy tale "Three fathers" and dozens of other surprising-talented works set on theatrical scene and lighters in the foundation of art paintings and animated films.Childhood and youth
The writer beloved by millions was born in 1899 in Elisavetgrad (now Kropyvnytsky). The genus is old, his roots are traced from the XV century, from Boyarin Oleshi Petrovich, who defended Prince Fedor Borovsky delivered to the ownership of the village Berezhnoye, then part of the Grand District of the Lithuanian and Kingdom of Polish (today Belarus). Orthodox Olesha Petrovich was interconnected and switched to Catholicism.
Two centuries after the section of the Commonwealth of the Earth, the Russian Empire passed, and the Oleshi became Belarusian nobles, leaving the Polish communication language. Father of the future writer - Karl Olesha - was an excise official and landlord: owned the forest estate that was called the name "Units". Karl with brother - avid gamblers - sold the estate for debts.
In the scraps of children's memories of Yuri, Oleshi remained riding on fries, life in a luxurious apartment and scandals because of the father's popuga and late returns from clubs. Later, Olesha will write that "clubs are one of the main words of my childhood." Mom Yuri - a talented artist and beauty Olga, which was called Rafael.
Yuri lived in Elisavetgrad for the first 3 years, then the family moved to Odessa. The boy's upbringing was engaged in a speaking of Polish grandmother. Revolutionary events Melkurbuzuaznaya Family Olezha took a waryway. The arrival in Odessa of the rebellious battleship "Potemkin" caused horror and expecting the inevitable end of prosperous former life.
At 11, Yuri became a student of the Richelian gymnasium. The young ironic gentry in the class was afraid: to get into the field of attention of the ulcer Oleshi meant to become a quiet of all the gymnasium for a long time. Already then the boy possessed an incredible fantasy and was laid down.
The first rhymed lines of Yuri Olesha wrote in high school. In the Odessa "Southern Herald" a literary debut of a young man took place: the editorial office took the poem "Clarormand" to print. In 1917, Yuri Olesha received a maturity certificate and entered the University of Odessa by choosing the Faculty of Law.
Literature
The relatives who did not accept the revolutions were immigrated to Poland, and he refused and remained in South Palmyra, where a literary life was boiling. Together with Valentin Kataev and Ilya Ilfom, he joined the "Commune of Poets". In the city on the Black Sea, one after another there were literary associations. In the 8th audience of the University of Thursdays held creative evenings of talented Odessans. Dummies youth called Nikolai Gumileva, Alexander Blok, Igor Northerner.
A dramatic debut of Oleshi - a play called "Little Heart" took place in Odessa. She was put by members of literary circles. The text of the writing was lost, but in the creative biography of the writer, the play played a role: Yuri heard the first enthusiastic responses.
In the 1920s, the pearl by the sea, who was repeatedly moving from hand to hand, took the Red Army. Refugee waves brought quite talented people from all over the destroyed empire. Poet and Prosisaik Vladimir Narbut arrived in the city, which influenced the life of Yury Oleshi.
Now Odessa writers composed agitation texts to posters and leaflets, organized performances in the working canteens, which opened in previously fashionable restaurants and cafes. A new one-acting play of Oleshi "Plach game" saw on the stage of the theater of revolutionary satire.
In the spring of 1921, Olesha and Kataev moved behind Narbet in Kharkov, where the writer was entrusted to lead the Ukrainian radio telegraphed agency. Yuri Olesha settled in the "Balant" theater, but a year later the company moved to the capital. In Moscow, Odessans settled in a writer's house and got a job in the Gudok newspaper, on the pages of which Mikhail Bulgakov, Ilya Ilf and Yevgeny Petrov were published. The writer called "Gudkovsky" the best period in life.
Yuri served in the information department where envelopes with editorial letters: In Moscow, after provincial Odessa, Olesha began his career from scratch. A year later, the head of the department, reading the writings of the subordinate, entrusted to write a feuille in verses. To the question of who to sign, advised the pseudonym "Chisel".
Debut crowned with success. In the "beep" one after another appeared new fekelons signed by "Chisel". Materials Olese delivered a slackory who wrote about theft, courage, bureaucracy and other ulcers of society in the regions. The readers of the whitish poetic opuses Yury Oleshi liked, they came to hundreds of responses.
In 1924, the writer presented the readers the first volume prosaic essay - the novel-fairy tale "Three fathers". She was published 4 years later. The idea of writing a fairy tale arose from Yuri Oleshi in the hostel "Hoodkey" (this is his room without furniture behind the chlipping partition Ilf and Petrov described in "12 chairs"). In the window opposite the writer saw the young beauty, enthusiastically reading a book. The girl was called Valentina Grunzide. After 4 years, she became the wife of Evgeny Petrov.
And then the fascinated 15-year-old Valea Olessen, fascinated, fascinated in reading the fairy tales swore to compose a fairy tale better than that of the Dane. In the printing house grabbed a roll of paper and, rolling on the floor, the novel wrote at night. The first edition was devoted to Valentina Grunzide.
Warm Odessa was guessed in the city of fatty. A carnival fairy tale with a revolutionary plot read easily, fantasy and brilliant author's metaphors admired children and adults. In the 1930s, the fairy tale was first staged at the MCAT layout. The dramatization is translated into 17 languages and today is placed on global scenes. In 1966, Alexey Batalov with Joseph Shapiro removed the picture "Three fathers".
In print, the fairy tale came only after the deafening success of the second novel of Oleshi, who came out in 1927 called Envy. The novel about the fate of the intelligentsia after the revolution is considered the best in the heritage of Yuri Oleshi. The dreamer from the "envy" Nikolai Kavalerov, in which the traits of the author are guessed, the contemporaries called the time hero. In the mid-1930s, Abram Room removed the drama "strict young man."
The loud success of the novel opened the road "three fat men": the previously "revolutionary" fairy tale was not printed due to the rejection of the genre for a young socialist state.
In the early 1930s, Olesha wrote a "envy" a play "Conspiracy of the senses", but censorship saw criticism in it and banned. The writer redid the work, calling his "List of Great". In 1931, the play took in the theater repertoire Vsevolod Meyerhold. The production went three seasons in the crowded spectators, but soon came under the ban: officials again found Kramol.
The writer was silent for a long time. Many colleagues, close friends, the Oleshi repressed, and the ban was imposed on his work. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War Yuri Olesha survived in evacuation in Turkmenistan.
The ban on books were removed in the mid-1950s, but Olezha wrote little. These were mainly the dramatization on the novels of the classics - Dostoevsky, Chekhov. Yuri Karlovich was sitting behind a glass in the restaurant of the house of writers, where the colleagues were honored for the honor of treating him. The records of the diaries, collected and published after his death in the early 1960s, testify about the uneasyful gift of the writer.
Personal life
The prototypes of the girls of Suok from the "three fat men" were Sisters Lydia, Olga and Seraphim, who worn the same name. With girls, Yuri met in Odessa, where the family of former Austrian attache settled.
In the younger of them, Sime, Yuri Olezha fell in love. They lived in a civil marriage for three years, but the windy muse Seraphim twice escaped from the Oleshi. For the second time - to a friend Vladimir Narbutu.
In the mid-1920, the writer married the middle sisters - Olga, with which he lived before the end of days. There were no common children, and Yuri Karlovich brought up Olga's son from the first marriage.
Death
Yuri Oleshi life has reduced a detrimental addiction to drink. Shortly before the death, the writer, in the pockets of which the wind walked, asked his colleagues, what kind of funeral would be awarded. He was answered that the last path was carried out at the highest category. With bitter irony, Olesha asked if it was impossible to spend along the lowest category, and the difference to give money now.
Died the writer in the spring of 1960. He was buried on Novodevichy. The place was taken over the "Higher Category" - in the first row of the first section.
Bibliography
- 1920 - Agasfer Poem
- 1920 - Beatrice Poem
- 1920 - Piece "Plach game"
- 1924 - the fairy tale "Three fathers"
- 1927 - Roman "Envy"
- 1929 - Piece "Conspiracy of Sensities"
- 1930 - Piece "List of Great"
- 1934 - Scenario "Strict Youth"
- 1938 - Scenario "Soldiers of Botov
- 1939 - Scenario "Error engineer of cochin"
- 1958 - Piece "Idiot"
- 1959 - Piece "Flowers Belevations"
- 1959 - Piece "Pomegranate Bracelet"
- 1961 - Diaries "No day without a line"