Biography
Brothers Grimm - German fairy tales, linguists, founding fathers of German philology. Perhaps it will be difficult to find a person who has never heard the fairy tales of these great writers. But if I did not hear, I certainly saw. According to the scenes of the works of Brothers Grimm, dozens of film and cartoons were removed, a lot of performances were delivered. And some characters of their fairy tales have become and at all names are nominated - Cinderella, Rapunzel, Sleeping Beauty.Childhood and youth
Jacob Grimm was born on January 4, 1785, and a year - 24 February 1786 - Wilhelm Grimm appeared on the world. Their Father Philip Wilhelm Grimm worked as a lawyer in the surviving court of the city of Khanau. In 1791, he was appointed to the position of chief of County Shtyinau, where and had to move his entire family. The man worked for days and nights, as a result of fatigue and overwork, an ordinary cold has gross into pneumonia. In 1796, he died, he was 44 years old.
Of course, for the Grim family it became a tragedy. Dorothea Grimm - the mother of the brothers - left alone with six children. At this time, the sister of the Father - Charlotte Schememer moved to them, it was she who provided financial assistance to the family and saved from eviction from the house.
But the trouble came to Grimm again - the aunt's chammemer unexpectedly slightly and died suddenly. Jacob and Wilhelm were older children, and they had to take part of the duties of the mother for themselves. But Dorothea understood that the boys are smart and talented, and the only thing she can give them is education.
In Kassel, her sister lived - Henrietta Zimmer, a woman agreed to accept his favorite nephews, so that they continue their studies in the lyceum of the highest stage. In the gymnasium, students studied 7-8 years. But the brothers were so hardworking and the abyss that they managed to master the material at times faster than the rest. Therefore, they finished lyceum after four years.
In school, the boys studied natural science, geography, ethics, physics and philosophy, but the basis of teaching was philological and historical disciplines. Jacob nevertheless, studied was easier than his brother. It is possible that his good health was. Wilhelm was diagnosed with asthma.
In 1802, Jacob entered the University of Marburg on a lawyer, but Wilhelm had to stay to undergo treatment. The next year, Jacob transported brother to Marburg, and he also entered the university. True, he needed regular medical observation.
In his free time, the brothers loved to draw, once the picture saw their younger brother Ludwig Emil, who was so inspired by this business that his future was associated with an artistic craft, becoming popular in Germany and the artist.
Literature
Brothers Grimm have always been interested in literature. With all, despite the fact that they graduated from the Faculty of Law, the German poetry was manilated, which Professor Savigny opened. Jacob and Wilhelm were sat for the study of old foliants in his home library.
All further activities of the Grimm brothers were associated directly with the German literature, philological problems, conducting research. Fairy tales - Only a part of an incredible work, which was done by brothers in the field of literature and linguistics.
In 1808, Jacob went to Paris to help Professor Savigni to collect materials for scientific work. Wilhelm stayed at university. Since childhood, they were so close to each other that even at this age was tested by unprecedented longing in separation, as evidenced by their correspondence.
In 1808 their mother died, and all the concerns about the family of Grimm fell on the shoulders of Jacob. Returning from France, he looked for a long time with a decent job and eventually settled in the Kassel Castle, the managing personal royal library. Wilhelm has worsened a state of health, and the brother sent him to the resort. He did not have a permanent job at that time.
Upon returning Wilhelm from treatment, the brothers came to work - the ancient Germanic literature began to explore. They managed to collect, recycle and write down the dozens of folk legends, which were passed from the mouth of hundreds of years.
Many women of Kassel participated in the creation of the first volume of fairy tales. For example, in the neighborhood with Grimm, a wealthy pharmacist lived - Mr. Wilde and his wife and children. Frau Wild knew the uncountable number of stories who gladly told Wilhelm. Sometimes her daughter joined them - Gretchen and Dortkhen. A lot of years will pass, nor Dortkhen will be Wilhelm's wife.
Economy lived in their house - Maria Muller. An elderly woman had a phenomenal memory, and she knew thousands of fairy tales. Maria told the brothers story about the wonderful sleeping beauty and a bold red hat. But, remembering these fairy tales, Charles Perra comes to mind immediately. As it turned out, the true author is extremely difficult to find the tales. In essence, these are folk European fairy tales.
Each compiler, including Grimm, interpreted these stories to his own way. Here, for example, a tale of Cinderella. In the version of Perra Miracles for the girl makes her godfall. And the Brothers Grimm is a tree of hazel on the grave of her mother. Later, the cinema "Three nuts for Cinderella" will be filmed.
In 1812, in the life of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, the first success happened - they published a collection of "Children's and family fairy tales", in which 100 works entered. Writers immediately began to prepare material for the second book. It included a lot of fairy tales, heard and not the brothers themselves, and their friends. As before, writers left the right to give tales their own linguistic edition. Their second book saw the light in 1815. True, the books were subjected to reprints.
The fact is that some fairy tales were regarded inappropriate for children. For example, a fragment was removed, where Rapunzel is innocently interested in the godfather, why the dress was so covered with her rounded belly. It was about her pregnancy, coming after the secret meetings with the prince.
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky became the first translator of fairy tales of the Grimm brothers for the Russian reader.
In 1819, the brothers issued the "German grammar". This work has become a sensation in the scientific community, he wrote about 20 years - it was exactly the basis for all subsequent studies of German languages.
But nevertheless, the main labor of the brothers was the "German dictionary". They started working on it in 1838. It was a hard and long work. After 100 years, Thomas Mann called the "Dictionary" "heroic business", "philological monument." Contrary to the name, in essence it was a relatively historical dictionary of Germanic languages. Since the writers did not have time to complete work on the dictionary, their business was continued by the following generations of philologists. Thus, it was possible to complete the work by 1960 - 120 years after it began.
Personal life
Wilde Vilda's Wildee Vilda houses in the house of Pharmacist Vilde became acquainted with his daughter. At that time she was still completely crumb. The difference between them is 10 years old. But, mature, young people immediately found a common language. He supported him in all endeavors, becoming primarily for him with a friend. In 1825, the couple got married.
Soon the girl became pregnant. In 1826, Dortkhen gave birth to a boy, who was named Jacob, and Jacob Sr. became his godfather. But after six months, the baby died from jaundice. In January 1828, the spouses were born the second son - Herman. Later he chose the profession of art historian.
But Jacob Grimm remained a bachelor, a man dedicated his life to work and his brother's family.
Death
On December 16, 1859, Wilhelm Grimm died. The deadly disease was triggered by a furuncle on his back. He did not have a strong health sooner, but no one had expect such a sad outcome this time. Every day, Wilhelm was worse. The operation did not help. The man rose a temperature. His suffering stopped from paralysis of the lungs in two weeks. Jacob continued to live with Wilhelm and nephews.
Until the end of his life, the writer worked on the dictionary. The last word he recorded was the word "Frucht" (fruit). The man became bad at the desk. Jacob died from a stroke on September 20, 1863.
Fairy tales famous for the whole world buried in the cemetery of St. Matthew in Berlin.
Bibliography
- "The wolf and the seven Young goats"
- "Hansel and Gretel"
- "Little Red Riding Hood"
- "Cinderella"
- "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs"
- "Mrs. Meltelitsa"
- "Smart Elsa"
- "Rapunzel"
- "King Drozdobodorod"
- "Sweet porridge"
- "The Bremen Town Musicians"
- "Brave tailor"
- "Hare and Hedge"
- "Golden Goose"
- "Sleeping Beauty"