Biography
The great philosopher and thinker whose ideas remain fundamental in the theory of idealism. The biography of George Hegel is saturated with scientific ideas that brought a scientist worldwide eternal glory. Processing Hegel belongs to the top of the philosophical thought and are studied in modern universities as the basis and foundation of science.Childhood and youth
In August 1770, Georg Ludwig Hegel was born in Stuttgart, who was destined to enter the story of philosophical science. Father served a high-ranking official at the court of Württemberg Duke. Having such an origin, the boy received a first-class education. Father, who considers insufficient school training, invests strength and funds, additionally inviting teachers to the house.
The future philosopher himself adored his studies, and the passion was reading. Even the pocket money was spent on new books. The boy became a regulant of the city library. Preference in the literature was given to scientific and philosophical works, as well as antiquity authors. But artwork, famous German classics, were not included in the range of favorite books. In the gymnasium, the boy received rewards for academic performance and diligence.
After the completion of the gymnasium in 1788, Hegel passes theological and philosophical courses in theological seminary at the University of Tubingham. There, a young man protects the dissertation. During the student, it comes closer with Shelling and Poet Helderlin. Being young and ardent, as well as the advanced thinkers of that time, is fond of calls for French revolutionaries, but does not enter into their ranks.
The university continues the passion for reading and books, which amuses the fellow students, but not at all confuses the young man. Mirous joy of youth is also not far to the student. As also buddies, the future thinker used wine, Nyukhal Tobacco and periodically spent the evening behind gambling.
The master's extent was received by Hegel in philosophy, but the last three years of study are devoted to theology, although the student referred to the Church and the Worship service. Perhaps, therefore, despite the excellent exams, the priest did not become a priest.
Immediately after the release, the young man earned that he spent lessons for children of prosperous Germans. Such work is not too much of the future philosopher, gave the opportunity to work on their own works and conduct scientific searches. However, when after the death of the Father in 1799, a small man got a little inheritance in 1799, he stops the private work of the teacher and sinks with his head into creativity and science, and also proceeds to the academic teaching service.
Philosophy and science
The beginning of the fundamental ideas of Hegel lies in the works of Kant, who is considered the founder of idealism. However, Hegel's philosophy in the development process was departed from Kant, formed into an independent teaching.
The method of philosophy of the German thinker received the name of dialectics. The essence of the absolute idea of the mind is that reality is learned rationally, since the universe itself is rational. And the reality in the absolute is just a mind that reflects itself in the world.
The dialectic lies in the infinite change of the thesis by an antithesis. The philosopher, explaining the concept, believed that any thesis ultimately leads to an antithesis, but this does not stop the process, and the next step is the synthesis of two opposites.
The Gegel's Being System consists of three steps - being in itself, being for himself and being in herself and for himself. A similar theory applies to the concept of spirit and mind. As originally in spirit in itself, spreading in space, becomes the birth for itself - nature. And nature is developing in consciousness, which in turn also takes three stages.
The identical principle of division into three steps is used by Hegel and in the philosophy system. Logic - Science of Spirit in itself; Nature philosophy - Science of spirit for yourself; and independent philosophy of the Spirit.
Ethics, state theory and philosophy of history turned out to be significant for society by regions of philosophy. According to Gegel's teachings, the state is the highest manifestation of the Spirit, the divine idea that received an incarnation on earth, the fact that the Spirit created for himself. True, the philosopher notes that this state is only the perfect. Reality is full of both good and bad states.
The story, in turn, is defined as the science of reason, where the events occur in accordance with the laws of the mind. Laws seem brutal and unfair, but they cannot be judged by standard standards. They pursue the goal of global spirit that are not immediately available to understanding in society.
Of course, such thoughts with delight adopted by society and power. Gradually, the teaching becomes the official philosophy of the state, although Hegel himself did not share the politician of the rulers of Prussia. Hegel's books are produced by extensive circulations and are studied at universities and institutes.
The first in the list of observed and valued works was the "Phenomenology of the Spirit", which saw the light in 1807, where the fundamental thoughts, the ideas of absolutism and the laws of dialectics are formulated.
It should be noted that Hegel did not always clearly give the definitions used by the concepts. In this regard, directions that unite followers of teachings appear. Philosophers interpret the founders of the founder of dialectics in different ways and form their own laws of development of the absolute spirit.
At different times, Gegel's teachings was also tight criticism. Thus, the contemporary of Philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer accused a colleague in quarrelism, and the teaching in a complete nonsense, presented with obviously confusing and foggy way.
Personal life
The position of the rector in Nuremberg Gymnasium, received in 1808, did not bring big salary. At first, Hegel and his thoughts did not enjoy the success of students. However, as the participation of the teachings, the release of books that received recognition in the highest circles, the lectures of the philosopher collect full audiences.
In 1811, Hegel makes the decision to acquire the family and marries the daughter of the most knowledgeable parents of Mary von Tukher. The girl is having twice the spouse, but the greenest husband, admiring the mind and the achievements of the latter.
The farm hegel led independently, controlling the costs and income of the family. The wife got used to only one maid. The spouses began to appear children. The first daughter died after birth, which often happened to young mothers of that time. And then the birth of two sons was followed by Karl and Immanuel.
Family and household troubles did not interfere with the philosopher to devote themselves to science and write new books. In 1816, the scientist receives an invitation to lectures as an ordinary professor at the University of Heidelberg. And after a year, by decree, the king receives a place in the professors of the Berlin University. At that time, Berlin was the center of intellectual thought, cream of enlightened and advanced society lived in the capital.
The scientist quickly mastered the new environment, expanded a circle of dating. Among the new friends appeared ministers, artists, scientific minds. As contemporaries told in the memoirs, Hegel loved his social society, was aware of urban rumors. He adored the company of women, young ladies. The philosopher became famous for real Fran. On the outfits for him and the spouses went a significant part of the budget.
In 1830, Hegel was appointed rector of the University in Berlin, and in 1831 he was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle of the 3rd degree for the State Service.
Death
In 1830, the cholera rigged Berlin. The philosopher with his family in a hurry left the city. However, in October, by considering that the danger passed, the rector returned to the service at the beginning of the semester. On November 14 of the same year, the great scientist died.According to the doctors, a brilliant thinker left life due to the climbing thousands of the lives of the epidemic, but the gastrointestinal disease remains like the cause of leaving life. The solemn funeral of the scientist took place on November 16.
Bibliography
- 1807 - "Phenomenology of the Spirit"
- 1812-1816 - "Science of Logic"
- 1817 - "Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences"
- 1821 - "Philosophy of Law"