Biography
Vitus Ionassen Bering is one of the discovers, whose life has become a symbol of courage and dedication. From the young years of the traveler fascinated the water element. Thanks to the thirst for the knowledge and skill of the men, the first maritime expedition took place, which brought the title "Cradle of cartography" to the Russian state.Childhood and youth
The biography of the Great Marithener began in the city of Horsens, based on the Danish Strait of the Small Lady. The boy was born on August 2 (according to the old style - August 12) 1861. Vitus became the third offense in the family of the ruined aristocrat of Anna Pederduatter Bering and the customs worker of Ionas Svendsen.
And the name, and the name of the boy received from the mother. Despite the complex financial situation of the family, the pedigree Anna Pederduatter could play a good service for Vitus in the future.
The unusual name was the tribute to the memory of the Mother's late brother, who became famous for the service at the Royal Court. The complete coincidence of the name was the reason why contemporaries accompany articles about the navigator by incorrect photographs, puzzled representatives of one family.
Parents attached great importance to the formation of children, so Vitus has mastered the diploma and spelling. The boy visited the school, which was located on the same street, where the parent house was. Despite the curiosity, the child at the first opportunity ran from lessons to go to the port. Vitus spent a lot of time for conversations with sailors who told Bering about exciting sea adventures.
At the age of 14, immediately after graduation, Vitus recorded a sailor to a Dutch ship. The young traveler visited the Caribbean Islands and spent a lot of time in Ost-India. Realizing that there is not enough knowledge to build a career, Vitus went ashore in Amsterdam, where she easily entered the sea cadet corps.
Discoveries
Completion of the study of Bering coincided with the interest of Peter the first to the development of the marine craft. Agents, whose task entered the recruitment of foreign specialists, immediately drew attention to the vitus, which was easiewing a relaxed character and exposure, so necessary to the sea.
In 1704, Bering moved to Russia, where he quickly moved through the career ladder. But after a 20-year service marked only by positive characteristics and awards, the navigator resigned. Historians argue that the cause of the act is the pride of the Bering. The man did not receive the title of captain of the 1st rank, about which the ambitious Sailor had long dreamed.
Geographical discoveries that glorified Vitus's surname, happened during the first Kamchatka expedition. In 1724, by order of Peter the First Russian Fleet went on research of new lands. The only specialist who would cope with such a difficult task turned out to be Bering.
For five years, a man explored and fixed the banks of Chukotka and Kamchatka on the map. The merits of Bering include the refutation of speculations that America is connected to Asia, and Kamchatka is inseparable with Japan. Alas, such impressive results of the expedition did not find due attention in the Admiralty.
Officials decided that Bering did not justify hopes and badly fulfilled the instructions of the king. All the importance of Vitus discoveries confirmed James Cook, who got acquainted with the maternity carrier in 1778. An impatiently impressive work of the Englishman called the strait between Eurasia and America in honor of the navigator, who did not know personally.
The second Kamchatka expedition was already assembled on the initiative of Vitus himself, confident in the need to study Siberia, the Far East and the coast of the Northern Seas. This time the geography of the study and the tasks set in front of the fleet were much longer. Therefore, Bering decided to go on the expedition on two ships.
The command of the second vessel was entrusted to Alexey Chirikov. The man performed the duties of the assistant captain in the first Kamchatka expedition and earned the limitless confidence of Bering. The plans of the researchers were to study Siberia, get to Kamchatka and navigate to the shores of North America to familiarize themselves in detail with low-transmitted shores.
Personal life
During the second Kamchatka expedition, Vitus Bering was accompanied by a wife and children. Back in 1713, the navigator concluded a marriage with the daughter of a merchant from Vyborg - Anna Christina Puulse.
At first, the young spouse calmly loosen the beloved in the sea travel. The woman herself was engaged in the economy and raised children.
For the first 18 years of marriage, four babies were born, and only four survived: Jonas, Thomas, Anton and Anna Helga.
By the time of his daughter, Anna Christine was tired of the constant absence of her husband. Leaving the matured Jonas and Thomas on the care of relatives from Vyborg, the woman gathered silver, china and, grabbing Anton and Anna, went on a trip with her husband.
Death
When leaving the Avachin Bay towards North America, the ship "Saint Peter", who led Bering, was lost in the open sea. The bad weather did not allow to determine the location of the vessel, and the buffaling qing began to destroy the crew of the vessel.
One of the last unpleasant birth hooked Bering. Even feeling weakness, the researcher did not leave the ship management. The unexpected strip of snow-covered land on the horizon has become hope for salvation.
But on December 8, 1741, a month after the departure to the shore, Vitus Bering finally lost its strength and died in a died toward dugout. The man was buried on an unnamed island, which in the future denoted on the maps as the island of Bering.
In 1991, the special archaeological group found the remains of Vitus. A detailed study made it possible to conclude that an unknown disease was caused by the death of the traveler, not like the characteristics on the zing.
According to Olga Sotnikova, the PRAVODA Matrosoi Satnikov, who walked under the command of Bering, the great traveler died of his own subordinates. Because of the nervous breakdown, which caused several strategic mistakes, the "St. Peter" team was on a uninhabited island, where he could not find food and shelter.
The angry sailors buried their commander alive in the ground. But the analyzes of the skeleton of the discoverer do not confirm the theory. In 1992, the remains of the navigator and unknown seafarers were returned to the land in the territory of the Commander bay.
Memory
- In 1818, Kamchatka (or Bobrovaya) The Sea began to be referred to the Bering.
- In 1937, Geographer Eric Khulten suggested the designation of Beringia, which includes Bering Strait, the Bering and Chukchi Sea, part of the Kamchatka and partly Alaska.
- In 1945, a monument to the navigator founded in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, founding the city.
- In 1957, in the Bering Sea Bay in honor of the traveler, the village "Beringovsky" was named. Prior to this, the settlement was called "coal".
- In 1970, a documentary picture of the director Yuri Schozero "Ballad on Bering and his friends" was published on the screens.
- In 2006, the Kamchatka State Pedagogical Institute on the orders of the Minister of Education was renamed to Camga named after Vitus Bering.
- In 2016, in honor of the 275th anniversary of the opening of the Commander Islands, a bronze growth sculpture of Bering was established. The monument is located on the territory of the Bering Island (Nikolskaya village).