Biography
Isaac Ilyich Levitan was famous for his own ability to sing the beauty of Russian nature. For life, full of attacks and falls, the artist did not get his wife and children. All released time a man dedicated painting, leaving the descendants of the paintings, the full magic of rivers, forests and steppe spaces.Childhood and youth
Levitan's biography originates in a small settlement of Lithuania, located near the Kibard railway station. The boy, born on August 18 (August 30), 1860, became the fourth child in a low-income Jewish family. Isaac's father, who mastered the German and French independently, gave private lessons and worked as a controller at the station.
Due to the lack of lack of perspectives, Levitan family moves to Moscow. Despite financial difficulties, parents allow the eldest brother Isaac to enter the School of Painting, Drainies and Architecture. Junior Levitan, who was also interested in brother's hobbies, spends a lot of time, watching the work of famous artists-teachers.
Having achieved 13 years of age, the young man enters the same school. Two years later, mother dies. After another 2 years, after the beloved, the Senior Levitan is outgoing from life. Having left orphans, the young men did not quit the study of painting.
The fate of a beautiful Jewish teenager worried teachers who have noticed congenital talent of Isaac. The teaching staff knocked out a cash benefit for Levitan, and classmates were given to a friend brushes and paints.
Already in the 1870s, the student of the school realized that he liked to create in the landscape genre. At one of the first non-professional exhibitions, the unusual style of the artist noted Pavel Tretyakov. The patron acquired the picture "Autumn Day. Sokolniki. "
Painting
Tretyakov's attention noticeably raised the self-esteem of Levitan in his own eyes, but did not improve the financial position of the young man. To feed, Isaac draws illustrations for weekly. Free time, the artist devotes works for the soul.
Own style, which is characterized by a scrupulous study of the details, Levitan finally mastered by 1880. In 1884, the work of the artist rated colleagues. Isaac took the partnership of mobile art exhibitions. At the same time, Isaac drops his studies without completing the course and not receiving the title of "Class Artist".
Despite the deserved success, the emotional state of Levitan is not distinguished by stability. In 1885, the artist departs in the estate of Kiselev, to come to feel after the suicide attempt. Special support and assistance to Isaac finds in the Chekhov family, with members of which met in childhood.
A separate epoch in the work of the artist was marked by trips to the Volga. On the banks of the River Levitan again felt love for life. Works created by Isaac during this period are distinguished by a joyful mood. Close artist stated that a smile appeared on the canvases. After visiting the captivity, Levitan creates "on the Volga" for which the award receives the contest of the Moscow society of art lovers.
Isaac creates their best works in the workshop, which the artist provided the artist Sergey Timofeevich Morozov. Glory about the works of Levitan has already spread in Moscow, so the financial part of the man's life ceased to wear a deplorable character.
Philosophical echoes appeared in the work of joyful notewings. A man who thought a lot about the place of man in the world, especially brightly reflected his own reflections in the picture "Over the Burning Region". In the personal records, Levitan argued that he had invested himself in the canvas.
The next 10 years of Isaac spends on traveling around the world. Allowing experiments, the artist loses the favor of fans. Pictures "Lake Como", "in the north of Italy" and "Coast of the Mediterranean Sea" do not enjoy recognition. The artist again flows into Handra due to unpleasant reviews.
Mental torments are exacerbated by physical. Problems in personal life are the reason for the second suicide attempt, the same unsuccessful as the previous one. Experiences are spurred by inspiration, and in 1895, in the estate of Luitan creates Martha. Life-affirming landscape later redeems the longtime admirer Isaac Pavel Tretyakov.
The rise in creativity again gives the painful Levitan to create. In the "major" period, which lasts, while Isaak, stayed in the house of the next beloved, appeared on the light "Golden Autumn", depicting the river flow. In the same state, the artist draws "Spring. Great water ", made in the transition of blue, yellow and green shades.
In 1898, Levitan is appointed by the head of the workshop in the School, which the artist did not finish at one time. In the photo of Levitan of this period, traces of illness are already noticeable, but the artist does not slow down the pace and still conducts most of the day in his own workshop.
Personal life
The first love of Levitan became charming Maria Chekhov - his native sister of the famous writer. Being visiting a friend in the village of Babkino, the artist communicated to a girl who was passionate about painting. Once, by taking courage, Levitan admitted Mary in love, but an inexperienced beauty only burst out and ran away.
Similar answer was upset by Isaac. It took a lot of time so that young people resume communication, deciding that they were not destined to be together. Tender friendship continued until the death of the artist. Mary admitted Mary, that if he decided to marry, then only on her.
Becoming in Moscow circles, Isaac gets acquainted in Sofia Kuvutynikova. Woman held a secular salon where writers and artists gathered. Married charming was older than Levitan for 10 years, which did not prevent a stormy novel. Under the pretext of the lessons of drawing Isaac and Sophia often left for the Volga together.
The end of the relationship was put on rumors that were separated in Moscow due to careless expressions of the feelings of mistress to the adoration object. According to another version, the Roman of Artists ended due to Anna Nikolaevna Turchaninov.
Senator's wife from St. Petersburg lived next door to the estate of the Kuvshtina, where lovers spent the summer. Anna - the peer of Sophia - suffered from idleness and was fond of charming Levitan. After prolonged clarification of Kruvinikov's relations, I returned to my husband, and Isaac moved to the house to Turchaninov.
However, the third personality intervened in the connection of an attractive aristocratchka and a talented artist. The daughter of Anna Nikolaevna Varbara became interested in her mother's lover and threatened to reveal the secret romance or to end. However, it did not stop in love. A close connection continued to death Levitan.
Death
Heart pains from which Levitan suffered from the young age, aggravated with age. Against the background of general weakness, the artist often picked up diseases destroying his immunity. The second outbreak of abdominal typhoids also did not go for a man without consequences.
Due to the ailments and pain in the heart of Levitan, even refused his beloved pastime - hunting. All this affected the mental state of Isaac. Native ceased to recognize the artist. The mood of the man has changed from feverishly joyful to the tear-melancholic.
Belief in the future returned to Levitan after a trip to Yalta in the winter of 1889. In the resort, the artist spent a lot of time in the society of Ill Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Returning to Moscow, Isaac with a new force began to draw and teach.
In the spring of 1900, at the plenier in Khimki Isaac Ilyich fell ill. Easy cold, complicated by low immunity and chronic heart disease, finally weakened the artist. Tuberculosis was added to painful pains in the heart.
After the painful semi-trafficking on June 22 (August 4), 1900, Levitan passed away. Isaac Ilyich buried near the Dorogomilovsky cemetery, in the area of the burial of representatives of the Jewish people.
Work
- 1885-1889 - "Birch Grove"
- 1889 - "Golden Autumn"
- 1889 - "After the rain. Ples "
- 1892 - "Evening ringing"
- 1894 - "Over the Eternal Region"
- 1895 - "March"
- 1896-1897 - "Spring - Great Water"
- 1898 - "Silence"
- 1899 - "Last rays of the Sun"
- 1900 - "Twilight"