Biography
The name of Stanislav Lem is well familiar to fans of fiction. One of the world's best representatives of Furology wrote about two hundred works, which are translated into 46 languages, and books are calculated by millions of copies. He introduced readers with a possible future awaiting humanity in the era of the superiority of technologies and exhausting natural reserves, with the problems of finding mutual understanding with extraterrestrial civilizations.Childhood and youth
In his own presentation of the details of the biography, the writer and the philosopher called himself a monster, since it was delivered from the little Stanislav to everyone around. Lem was born in September 1921 in the doctor's family, sufficiently secured by the standards of that time. By four years, the boy was already able to read and write. Family lived in Lviv, formerly by the Polish ownership at that time.
The secondary education Stanislav received in the prestigious male gymnasium, which was called the name of the Polish historian and the publicist of Karol Shainha. An attempt to enter the Polytechnic Institute was not crowned with success, according to Lem himself, due to belonging to the "wrong" social bourgeois layer. Father has connected all the old connections and attached a sole son in a medical university.
When the Second World War broke out, I had to forget about learning, Stanislav settled to work in the garage mechanic. From entering the ghetto, the Jewish family lem was saved by fake documents. From the place of work, Stanislav, according to Israeli portals, tuskal explosives, supplies anti-fascist resistance.
At the end of the war, Lem, not wishing to become Soviet citizens, in the framework of the repatriation moved to Krakow. Here, Lem Jr. still completed medical education in the oldest European educational institution - Yaghellon University. However, to receive a diploma of graduation Stanislav refused, because I did not find anything attractive in the work of a military doctor.
Literature
Fantasy in presentation of Lem, according to researchers of the writer's creativity, survived genre evolution. If you first were optimistic, simple for understanding the novel "Magellanovo cloud" and the story of "Rat in a labyrinth", then later readers had to be deeper on the cosmonaut parody bikes, combined into the "Star Diaries of Jion Piche" cycle. A scientific fantastic novel "Eden" on the adventures of the crew of the spacecraft on the planet with the same name and is not called the description of the "worst of the possible worlds".
Writing Stanislav began on a student bench. The first work of the "man from Mars" was published in a little-known weekly "New World of Adventures". After the output of the novel "Astronauts", Lem became truly famous, although the author belonged to his brain with a big skepticism, and, knocking his right to new publications, publishers spent a lot of time and nerves.
As an outstanding science fiction writer about Stanislav Lem spoke after the "return from stars". The main hero of the book is an astronaut who returned from the expedition across a hundred years and causing civilization without conflict on earth.
The novel "invincible" is devoted to the non-conventions of robots who have learned not to simply change, but to progress. Researchers from the ground understand that there is no point in fighting mechanisms, since they are part of the planet, and humanity is not entitled to interfere in the long-established life process.
Another essay of Lem - "Solaris" is devoted to communication with alien intellectual mind. The story of the Thoughted Ocean Boris Strugatsky was taken to the best works of a fantastic genre. The novel was the basis of the iconic eponymous picture of Andrei Tarkovsky. Otherwise, the play "Do you exist, Mr. Jones?" - Andrzey Waida shot a comedy "Puff Pie", and Peter Stein - the film "Sandwich".
From 1971 to 1974, 16 stories were issued united in the Collection "Absolute Emptiness". In it, Stanislav fully showed the talent of the literary critic, writing ironic and subtle reviews for non-existent works of the same fictional authors.
Learning, as if summarizing the activities of Stanislav Lem, is considered to be a novel "Fiasco", published in 1987. After him, the science limited himself to writing stories and leads, he was no longer returned to major literary forms.
In the late 90s, the essay of the Megabit Bomb essay saw the world - reflections of the lema about computer technologies at the time when no one thought about the Internet as an independent organism.
Personal life
In Yagellon University, Lem met Barbara Lesnik, who studied there on a radiologist. After three candidate and bought years, the girl agreed to become his wife Stanislav. According to the memoirs of the translator - the writer Konstantin User, Barbara worked to a pension, since she did not want it to be represented only as a spouse of Stanislav Lem.
In 1968, a long-awaited son was born from science. Tomas has studied at the University of Vienna, then in the United States, in Princeton, took up the publishing business.
In addition to Polish, Ukrainian and Russian languages, Stanislav owned English, German and French. About how his father taught him languages, Tomasch told in memories entitled as "adventures on the background of worldy gravity."
Lem felt weakness to cars, the clock could speak on this topic. Another writer loved sweets, became a confectionery regulance at the Krakowia Hotel, Khalva's reserve and marzipan in chocolate kept. At leisure, Futurologist read Herrich Senkevich, he listened to Beethoven and Bitles, watched "Star Wars" and Bondian.
In the early 80s, Stanislav lived in Vienna, formally - at the invitation of the Union of Writers of Austria. In fact, according to the son of a science, the reasons for departure became censorship, the perception of correspondence, the inability to get acquainted with the innovations of world literature.
Family Lem was not released, and he was forced to return. Stanislav brought his wife and son in 1983 and lived in Vienna for five years. Living at a foreign trade, the writer would seek inspiration, for several days he did not leave the house, indifferently referred to appearance, recalled Tomashe Lem.
Lem emigration did not remain unnoticed in the USSR: Publishers rejected the publication of the transfer of "Futurological Congress". The novel about the life of the human race under the influence of hallucinogen in the Soviet Union was published only after the start of restructuring.
Death
The author of the philosophical treatise "The Amount of Technology" passed from life in March 2006 in Krakow's cardiology clinic.
The cause of the death of Stanislav has become cardiovascular complications developed against the background of heavy diabetes, problems with kidneys and lung inflammation. A bright atheist Lem to the end remained faithful to himself, calling death to the place where the person appears on the light - nothing.
Bibliography
- 1951 - "Astronauts"
- 1955 - "Magellanovo Cloud"
- 1959 - "Eden"
- 1961 - "Solaris"
- 1964 - "Two monsters"
- 1964 - "How the Universe survived"
- 1971 - "Anank"
- 1971 - "Absolute Emptiness"
- 1976 - "Ruber"
- 1976 - "Mask"
- 1980 - "Provocation"
- 1982 - "Inspection in place"
- 1983 - "Weapons of the twenty-first century, or evolution upside down"
- 1987 - "Fiasco"
- 1992 - "Riddle"
- 1999 - "Last journey of Jion of Quiet"
- 2006 - "Race Predatniki"