Biography
Veniamin Alexandrovich Kaverin is a Russian Soviet writer, playwright and screenwriter. Member of the literary group of "Serapionov Brothers" and the winner of the Stalinist Prize. The author of the iconic book for many generations of young people - the "Two Captain" novel, which was read by millions.
Veniamin Zilber - this sounds the real name of the prose - took the creative pseudonym Cavery. And with him he inherited from the prototype - Gusar and Duelanta Peter Cavery, a friend of Young Alexander Pushkin, bred by him under his last name in Evgenia Onegin - to direct and reluctance to make compromises.
Childhood and youth
The author of the "Two Captains" was born in 1902 in Pskov, where with his wife Anna and three children from Vyborg moved a dropmeister of the Omsk Infantry Regiment Alexander Zilber.
In Pskov, there was no small family in Pskov: three more boys were added to two daughters and son, younger of which was the future prose. Later, the writer will call his family challenging, bragging, but in his wonderful and noticeable in the provincial town.
The head of the family was a man talented, musically gifted. In the barracks, where Zilber-senior rehearsed with the Orchestra, army marches took place two thirds of the day. So with household and six offspring, as I could, was managed by Anna Grigorievna, Mom.
Like a husband, Anna was a musical and gifted and educated woman. The graduate of the Moscow Conservatory has played virtuoso on the piano and saved a seal family budget with paid music lessons.
Energetic, intelligent Anna Zilber-Desan organized in the province of concerts of famous artists. Thanks to her in Pskov, Vera Commissionerzhevskaya and Fyodor Shalyapin visited. All the children knew how to play different tools, read a lot and curiosity awarded the discussions of adults who discussed cultural events in the city or country.
The younger and very inquisitive Veniamin listened to the conversations of the brothers and their friends - future writers and scientists Yuri Tynyanov, august of the flying and Mirone Garkavi.
In 1912, Caveryin entered the local gymnasium. The receipt was not easy for the boy: since the birth of Humanitarians, he failed the arithmetic exam twice. The 6 years spent on the walls of the gymnasium were remembered by bright events.
Childhood ended in the winter of 1918, when the Germans entered Pskov. Leaves from harsh reality. Youth - Realists, seminarians, students - argued about the work of Maxim Gorky, Leonid Andreeva and Alexander Kurin. Yury Tyanyanov was an authority for the young caveryin, who took his wife to Sister Elena. Tynyanov criticized the semi-child verses of 13-year-old Veni, although he noted a good syllable. He was the first to advise Cavery to write prose.
Literature
In 1919, the future writer went with his brother to Moscow, where he soon became a university student. On the recommendation of Tynyanov in 1920, he was transferred to the University of Northern Capital and in the same year he entered the Institute of Oriental Languages.
Veniamin Kaverein acquainted poets, rhymed himself, visited the seminars, lectures and, finally, decided to demonstrate talents: the competition announced by the House of Writers, filed the story "Eleventh Axioma", for which he received a premium. The story of the novice writer noted Gorky.
Victor Shklovsky introduced a young author into the literary Commonwealth of "Serapiones Brothers", where Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Konstantin Fedin.
"Brother Alchemist", as Kaverin called, criticized the addiction to the plot and excessive passion to the style. Bicheval Matrov and Veniamin: Ivan Turgenev called "the main literary enemy" and sarcastically stated that "from Russian writers" the most of all loves Ernst Hoffman and Robert Lewis Stevenson.
In 1923, a landmark event was happening in the creative biography of a young prozaika: Veniamin Cavery was published the first book of stories by calling her "Master and Apprentices". The Bitter's work that followed the creativity of the young gate called the "original writer" colleague.
Veniamin Caveryin, as the best out of release, remained in university graduate school: philologist attracted little-known Russian authors of the early XIX century. In 1929, she was protected at the Institute of Art History. In the early 1930s, the writers composed the plays that were taken into the repertoire of eminent directors. Vsevolod Meyerhold offered Coverein cooperation, but he refused, focusing the forces on the ones and novels.
The first three-volume Kaverina came out when the author noted the 28th anniversary. But in the 1930s, the talented prose was declared a writer, "fellow traveler" and accused of "thirst for bourgeois restoration." Such accusations in those years should have been reacting so as not to get into the repressions mills. Veniamin Caverein came to the pride and wrote a novel "Execution of desires." The book was read, but the author called the written "Inventory Inventory".
This novel and followed by "two captains" saved Caverin from the bitter fate of Brother Lion Zilbera, Academician, who visited the camps three times. According to rumors, the novel praised Joseph Stalin. Cavery was handed over the leader's prize. At the same time, the author managed to never remember the party, Komsomol and the ruler himself in the novel. The book has become the most famous work of the prose.
During the Great Patriotic War, the writer visited the Leningrad Front and the Northern Fleet as the Izvesti correspondent. The experienced reflected in the books, the continuation of the "two captains" came out.
In 1946, a ruling of the party about the magazines "Star" and "Leningrad" was published, in which Andrei Zhdanov called Mikhail Zoshchenko and Anna Akhmatov "Lake" and "Bludnitsa". Former friends, having met OP, hurried to go to the other side of the street. But the attitude towards the old friend of Cavery, called Zoshchenko, one of the best writers of modernity. Veniamin Caveryin left the Opel Collega, helping money.
In 1947, the writer left Leningrad and moved to the capital. He lived in Peredelkino and worked on the trilogy "Open Book". The novel about the formation of microbiology was released in 1948 and liked readers. But critics and colleagues, the writers met the book crushing criticism. The authors of 14 reviews and articles declared a novel with hostile socialist building.
In 1954, on the 2 Writer Congress, Veniamin Kaverein called on to respect the freedom of creativity and give a fair assessment of the heritage of Mikhail Bulgakov and Yuri Tynyanov. In 1956, the "Literary Moscow" almanac was published 2 of the "open book". The times have changed, the continuation of the novel met calmly.
In the 1960s, Veniamin Caveryin in the "New World", headed by Alexander Tvardovsky, published articles in which Zoshchenko tried to rehabilitate. In the 1970s, defended Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
In 1972, the prosecutor presented the readers a strikingly sincere novel "in front of the mirror", and in 1976 there is a story "Illuminated windows". Creative heritage of Veniamine Cavery is also the wonderful fairy tales of "Verlle", "Nemukhinsky Musicians", "Hourglass".
The writer was not a dissident, although more than once he courageously defended his colleagues in opal. An extremely frank assessment of the ranks and the writers who flawed under it was given in the book of memoirs "Epilogue", which wrote "in the table" in the 1970s. Alexey Tolstone, Valentin Katav, Konstantin Simonov, were tough criticism.
The publication of the epilogue in the country could not be speech, but I did not want to print memoirs abroad. He handed the manuscript to the preservation of Vladimir Winovich's expelled from the USSR. The book was published in 1989 in his homeland. Caverin waited for a signal copy.
Personal life
In 1922, a young writer married Lydia Tynyanova, a sister of a friend Yuri Tynyanov. In a happy and long-lasting marriage, two children were born - Nikolai and Natalia.
Children did not follow the footsteps of the parents (Lydia Nikolaevna wrote for children) and chose medicine. The son and daughter became professors, defended doctors.
Death
Veniamin Caveryin wrote until the last days of life, but all the plans did not have time. The last, farewell, book is about Tynanov, friendship with which Veniamin Alexandrovich carried through his life.
The writer died in the spring of 1989, having lived 87 years. Buried the author of the "Two Captains" at the Vagankovsky cemetery.
Bibliography
- 1923 - "Masters and Apprentices"
- 1925 - "Nine Tenths of Fate"
- 1925 - "End of the Haza"
- 1928 - "Scandalist, or evenings on Vasilyevsky Island"
- 1929 - "O. I. Senkovsky (Baron Brambus) "
- 1931 - "Artist Unknown"
- 1934-1936 - "Execution of desires"
- 1938-1944 - "Two Captain"
- 1949-1956 - "Open Book"
- 1957-1959 - "Unknown friend"
- 1960 - "Slice of glass"
- 1962 - "Seven pairs of unclean"
- 1962 - "Spit rain"
- 1963-1964 - "Double Portrait"
- 1972 - "Before the Mirror"
- 1978 - "Two-room walk"
- 1983 - "Science of parting"
Memory
- In honor of V. A. Kaverin, the Asteroid Veniakaverin is named (2458 VeniaKaverin)
- Monument to the literary heroes of the novel "Two Captain" - Tatarinov and Grigoriev - Located in the city of Pskov, in the square in front of the Pskov Regional Children's Library named after V. A. Kaverin
- The area of "Two Captains" (Polyarny Murmansk region) is named after the same name Roman V. A. Kaverin