Biography
The name of Robert Lewis Stevenson since childhood is familiar to everyone who does not represent life without a book. Incredible and exciting adventures that are waiting for the heroes of his works at every step, repeatedly forced readers for hours to sit behind the pages of the "Treasure Island" and "Black Arrow". And although these works are considered the most famous in the writer's bibliography, the list of books of Stevenson is not limited to them.Childhood and youth
The future writer was born in Edinburgh on November 13, 1850. The boy's father owned an unusual profession - was an engineer who was designing beacons. From early childhood, the boy lay a lot of time in bed - serious diagnoses forced parents to take care of her son.
Stevenson was diagnosed with croup, and later and the carcup (pulmonary tuberculosis), which in those days often became fatal. Therefore, a little Robert spent a lot of time in the "Different country" - so the writer will later write about childhood.
Perhaps constant limitations and beddings and helped the imagination of Robert Lewis Stevenson to develop so much that he began to invent imaginary adventures and travels that could not commit in life. In addition, the baby's nanny brought up a literary taste and a sense of words in it, reading the poem Robert Burns and telling the fairy tale before bedtime.
Already at 15, Robert Lewis Stevenson finished the first serious work that was called "Pentland Rise". Robert's father supported his son and published this book in 100 copies for his own money in 1866.
At about the same time, Stevenson, despite the state of health, began to travel through Native Scotland and Europe and record impressions and cases of trips. Later, these essays came under the cover of the books "Roads" and "Journey into the country".
Becoming older, Robert Lewis Stevenson entered the Edinburgh Academy, and then at the University of Edinburgh. At first, the young man went in the footsteps of his father and began to study engineering. However, later he went to the faculty of jurisprudence and in 1875 he became a certified lawyer.
Literature
The first serious work of Stevenson, who brought fame to the writer, became a story called "Overnight Francois Viyon". And already in the 1878th prose, being in another trip in France, finishes the cycle of the stories, published as a whole.
This collection was called the Suicide Club and later became one of the most famous works of Stevenson. "Suicide Club", as well as the cycle of Almaz Raji stories, were printed in many literary magazines in Europe. Gradually, Stevenson's name became recognizable.
However, serious fame recognized the writer in 1883, when it was printed, perhaps the best Roman Stevenson - "Treasure Island". Like many ingenious works, this book began with joking stories with which Stevenson entertained his little stepsing. Robert Lewis even painted a card for a boy invented island, which was almost unchanged in the preface to the publication.
Gradually, scattered episodes began to develop in a full-fledged novel, and Stevenson sat down for paper. Initially, the writer gave the book the name "Ship Cook", but later changed it to the "Treasure Island". In this work, as Stevenson recognized, his impressions of the books of other authors were reflected - Daniel Defo and Edgar by. The first readers of the finished novel were the student of the writer and the Father, but soon the book was talking about other lovers of adventure literature.
The next one of the writer's feather comes out "Black Arm", in 1885 "Prince Otto" and the cult story "Strange History of Dr. Jekyla and Mr. Heyda appears. The year later, Robert Lewis Stevenson finished work on the next collection of stories, called "and newly new thousand and one night" (or "Dynamic").
It is noteworthy that Stevenson wrote and poems, however, referred to poetic experiments as to amateurism and did not even try to publish them. But part of the poems writer still collected under one cover and decided to publish. So there was a collection of Stevenson Poetry, inspired by memories of children's years. In Russian, the poems came out in 1920 and received the transfer name "Children's Flower Package". Later, the collection was reprinted several times and changed the initial name.
By that time, the Family of Stevenson, thanks to the "Island of Treasure", lived sides. But, unfortunately, the health of the author more and more made itself felt. Doctors advised the Writer to change the climate, and Robert Lewis Stevenson moved from his native country to Samoa. Locals, at first wary of the strangers perceive, soon became permanent guests in the hospitable house of this good-natured person.
Behind Stevenson, the nickname "Leader-Saucer" was even fixed - so called the writer Aborigines, who helped with advice. But the White Colonizers disliked Robert Lewis Stevenson for those sentiment of liberty, that the writer sowed in the minds of the locals.
And of course, the exotic atmosphere of the island could not help but reflect in the works of the Saucer: the novels and stories "Evening conversations on the island", "Katriona" (which became a continuation of the "abducted" - Roman who came out before), "Saint-Iv" was written on Samoa. Some works writer composed in co-authorship with Pasyanka - "Unfortunate baggage", "victim shipwreck", "Sweet".
Personal life
The first writer's love was the lady named Kat Drammond, who worked as a singer in the night tavern. Forky Stevenson, being inexperienced young men, so fascinated by this woman that she was going to marry. However, the writer's father did not allow the son to take Kat's wife, which, according to Stevenson-senior, did not fit for this role.
Later, while traveling to France, Robert Lewis Stevenson met Francis Matilda Osborne. Fanny - so Stevenson affectionately called his beloved - was married. In addition, a woman had two children and she was older than Stevenson for 10 years. It seemed that it was able to prevent in love to be together.
At first, it happened - Stevenson left France alone, without a beloved, mourning a failed personal life. But in 1880, Fanny finally managed to divorce his spouse and get married with a writer, who became overnight a happy husband and father. There were no common children.
Death
Samoa isa is not only a favorite place of the writer, but also the last refuge. December 3, 1894 Robert Lewis Stevenson did not. In the evening, the man as usual descended to dinner, but suddenly grabbed his head, fighting the blow. In a few hours the writer was no longer alive. The cause of the death of genius was a stroke.
There, on the island, the grave of the writer is still preserved. Aborigines, truly saddened by the death of his hero and the "Peter's leader", buried Robert Lewis Stevenson on the top of the mountain called Vea, waters on the grave of the tombstone from concrete.
In 1957, the Soviet writer Leonid Borisov wrote a biography of Robert Lewis Stevenson, called "under the flag of Catriona".
Bibliography
- 1883 - "Treasure Island"
- 1885 - "Prince Otto"
- 1886 - "Strange Story of Dr. Jekyla and Mr. Heyda"
- 1886 - "Kidnapped"
- 1888 - "Black Arrow"
- 1889 - "owner of the Ballastre"
- 1889 - "Unfortunate baggage"
- 1893 - "Vosted shipwreck"
- 1893 - "Catriona"
- 1897 - "Saint-Yves"