Biography
Richard Zorge - Hero of the Soviet Union, Scout. He was known as a person of an educated, balanced, capable of any negotiations. Movies are filmed about the feat of Zorga, write books. As a sign of respect and eternal memory, it is called the streets and erected monuments.Childhood and youth
Richard Zorge was born on October 4, 1896 in the village of Sabunchi Baku Province in the German family of Gustav Wilhelm Richard Zorge. Father worked at Nobel, where he specialized in oil production. Nina's mother Stepanovna Kobelev - with Russian roots, grew up in the family of the railway worker.
Zorge wrote in his biography that his family (especially along the father's line) intelligent, with established revolutionary glances. This is due to the revolution of 1848, in which grandfathers, both native and cousins, took part. From the notes of Richard, it is known that childhood passed in Germany: calmly, in a fairly secured large family.
Zorge studied at Realschule in Germany, but did not receive the secondary education - in 1914, the volunteer went to the front of the First World War in the German army. He took part in the battles, more than once he was injured.
In 1917, Richard Zorge was injured, he suffered an operation in Königsberg, as a result of which he remained disabled (one leg is longer, the other is shorter). For this reason was dismissed. During his stay in Lazaret, Zorge completely changed his views on communist.
In the same 1917, Zorge was able to pick up a certificate of secondary education, and later a diploma on the end of the university. Friedrich Wilhelm in 1918. Then he entered the university in Kiel, studied at the Faculty of Public Sciences. And in Hamburg, he was released with the degree of doctor of the state and law, later received a degree in economics.
Military service
In 1918, a sailor rebellion began in the city of Kiel, in which Richard Zorge took direct participation, engaged in arms of the population. When a revolution began in Berlin, became an active participant in unrest. For this, the authorities sent Zorge from the city.
In Hamburg, Richard Zorge propaganda work combined with journalist. Since 1920, he became the editor of the party newspaper in Solingen. In addition, he served as a researcher at the Institute of Social Research in Frankfurt.
In 1924, the Executive Committee of the Communist International invited Zorge to Moscow, where he began to work in the information department. And also was an employee of the Central Party Research Institute.
At the same time, Zorga succeeded as a journalist, disassembled the problem sides of the revolutionary movement in America and Germany. These articles appeared on the pages of "World Economy and World Policy", "Bolshevik", "Communist International".
In 1929, Richard Zorge collaborated with the reconnaissance department of the Workers' and Peasant Red Army, where His chiefs were J. K. Barzins and S. P. Uritsky. In 1930, the intelligence officer arrived in Shanghai under the pseudonym Ramzai and started several useful dating. One of them - with the heads of Sludzaki, who worked as a journalist in Japan and adhered to communist glances. The Japanese became one of the important informants Zorge.
Until 1933, Richard managed to get important information about German military advisers and make a reasonable assumption that the US will soon strengthen its position in international affairs.
In Japan, Richard Zorge arrived in September 1933 as an employee of the major printed German media: "Frankfurt Zeightung", "Teglich Rundshau", "Deutshe Volksvirt". He managed to get a Japanese Embassy of Foreign Affairs.
In 1938, the will of the case of Richard Zorge managed to survive in the accident. This situation jeopardized the residency, but the intelligence officer managed to convey all the necessary Max Clausen, which was a radist-encrypter in the intelligence group. Richard had secret papers and dollars. The scout was conscious to the moment Clausen arrived. In addition, the radio lane took all the papers from the house with an obvious compromising.
Until 1941, the intelligence group continued to activities in Japan. She was planned to withdraw for an insufficient number of loyal and useful information, but this did not happen. Closer to 1940, Zorge himself said that he was ready to return from Japan, but it was decided to compensate for him a long stay there, as Related Richard was somehow.
In 1941, Information about the possible attack of Germany to Russia has come to Zorge. The intermarpter war was foreseen without defining the exact date. He also managed to find out that until 1942, the Government of Japan did not lead to war and speech. Having learned about this, the Russian army distributed troops in such a way as to strengthen the protection of Moscow. The capital was able to defend.
Personal life
Richard Zorg had two wives, children for life, the intelligence has not gone. Christina Gerlach was the first name, Zorge was divorced with her in 1926, when she left for Germany.
With the second wife, Maximovaya Catherine Zorga was legalized by the relationship in 1933. In 1942, a woman was arrested for contact with enemies. As a result, Catherine was serving the term in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and there was died.
In informal marriage, Richard lived with Khanako Issi. It is known that after the execution of the Japanese, until the end of his life, visited Zorge's grave, and was also listed in the Ministry of Defense in the wid-dead officer.
Death
From October 1941, the members of the residency were exposed, mass arrests began. The 18th in conclusion came Richard Zorge. The Japanese police arranged a search of homes of the participants of the speakers and found compromising documents, to decipher which managed after the interrogation of Clauses. Already on the basis of the decoded messages, Zorge was charged.
According to one of the versions, Richard Zorge did not recognize the guilt, speaking of cooperation with the German Comintern, but not with the Soviet Union. Hitler offered to return the traitor to Germany. And Japan agreed to return Zorge to his homeland for several political prisoners.
However, this did not happen, Stalin did not agree to the conditions of Japan, since he did not consider the tragedy for the country's loss of the scout. There are assumptions that this is due to the recognition of Zorge at one of the courts on cooperation with the USSR. Stalin could not forgive this. In 1943, it was officially decided to execute Richard Zorge. A year later, in Tokyo in the prison "Sugamo" on November 7, the verdict was carried out.
Interestingly, for a long time the government of the country denied the merit of Zorge. In 1964 he was assigned the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously thanks to Khrushchev. Today, memorable films are found in honor of the feat of the famous intelligence officer, memorable films are devoted. The role of Zorga in the last picture belongs to Alexander Domogarov
Memory
- 1954 - "The betrayal of Germany \ Case Dr. Zorga"
- 1961 - "Who are you, Dr. Zorge?"
- 1985 - "Battle for Moscow"
- 2003 - "Spy Zorge"
- 2009 - "Live story. Richard Zorge. Resident who did not believe "
- 2018 - "Zorge"