Biography
British writer and poet Reddard Kipling in the homeland became popular thanks to stories and poems. Aphorisms, quotes and author's statements do not lose relevance. The life and creativity of the writer also continue to cause interest - in kipling there was even an interesting, but difficult fate.Childhood and youth
Joseph Reddard Kipling was born on December 30, 1865 in Bombay. The name is believed to be given the boy in honor of the Lake of the same name, where his mother and dad got acquainted. Early years in the atmosphere of exotic species of India were happy for a child. But when he turned 5 years old, the Rediard with his sister, who was at that time 3 years, sent to study in England.
The next 6 years, Kipling lived in a private board. At that time he had to be hard: the owners had a bad child, often punished. The teacher turned out to be an unkind woman and Hanga. Reddiard was constantly limited, intimidated and beat. Such a negative attitude had an extremely strong influence on the kipling and left the consequences: the author to the end of his life suffered from insomnia.
The mother who went to visit the children in a couple of years, was horrified by the state of the Son: the boy is almost blind from the nervous shocks. The woman took the children back to India, but at home Kipling was not long.
In order for Rudyard to enroll in the prestigious Military Academy, he at the age of 12 arranged in the Devonian School "Westard-Ho". The position of the director held a friend of Kipling Father - Korzell Price, the first to encourage the child's interest in literature.
The educational institution reigned the atmosphere of Mashters and Violence. The boy was annoyed by ignorant teachers, and students, among whom they met gross and primitive young men. Rudyard read a lot, at the age of 12 he wore glasses and was a little growth. Staying in "Westard-Ho" has become a complex test for the future writer, but nothing broke the young man as a person. For 5 years, he suffered and even "entered the taste" of gross draws.
The teenager completely believed in the need for subordination lessons, which allowed him to preserve self-esteem. Kipling recognized the hard upbringing appropriate, and the idea of law as a conditioned system of prohibitions and permits took possession of kipling consciousness. The time of staying in the school largely determined the views and principles of kipling. His personality was formed early as the ideals of the young man.
Because of poor view, Reddiard did not continue their military career. He left the "Westard-Ho" having mischief, and since the school did not give out diplomas for admission to Oxford or Cambridge, the formation of the Rediard was over.
Being impressed by the stories of the Son, his father made him as a journalist to the editorial board of the "Civilian and Military newspaper", which went out in Lahore. On the life of the young man had an influence of his adoption in the Masonic Life. Her spirit, ritual, unquestioned subordination to laws and messianism played the fate of the Rediard far from the last role.
Literature
Kipling, feeling a writer vocation, created the work of "School Lyrics", where basically imitates the leading poets of that time. After 3 years, the writer changes the style of writing, parodying famous poets and exposing the convention and artificiality to their manners.
At the end of 1882, the young man returns to his homeland and works by a journalist. In his free time, Rudyard writes stories and poems that are sent to publication in the newspaper. Kipling was engaged in journalism for 7 years: many challenged in the country, where mass ignorance and prejudice are intertwined with high spirituality. The reporter craft allowed him to develop natural observation and sociability.
Reddarde quickly mastered the skill of a short story, he struck early maturity and fecundity. When writing works, Khipling complies with a rigid condition: to fit in 1200 words. The best included in the first compilation "Simple stories from the mountains". Most of the stories created in India came out in the form of small tomiks in a soft cover.
The newspaper manufactured in Allahabad proposed a journalist to make a series of essays about different countries. Enthusiastic Kipling explored the life of the peoples of Asia and America. Unique impressions received from acquaintance with unlike cultures were embodied in 6 books. The world of literature accepted the author with enthusiasm, and criticism estimated the original identity of his syllable.
After traveling in England, Kipling went to China, visited Burma, Japan and North America. At first, he was initially spoke in India, and soon in the metropolis. Having received a lot of impressions from wanderings, Rudyard returned to London, where he began working on new works.
Here, his stories went to the grab, Kipling continues to develop the Indian theme, and the distance between the author and the house gave even more brightness of his impressions. In addition to creativity, the writer tried to participate in the literary life of the capital. Critics had a positively responded about the work of the "Library of the Indian Railway", and as for the novel "Light Forests" - he did not receive favorable reviews.
The amazing success of a young writer is comparable except with a universal favorite dickens. The popularity of kipling is explained by the measure and character of its innovation. He entered the literary world just at the moment when this sphere needed an update, the need to grow new heroes and interesting ideas.
Reddiard drew attention to ordinary people, showing them in unusual and extreme situations, where the entire essence of man is highlighted, its hidden depths are opened. During universal despondency and apathy, the writer was well a job and opened the heroic of everyday creation.
The author democratized the language of literature and the style of poetry, which was the main condition for the artistic revolution. From the pages of the writer, a wave of an unaccredit life was kicked, he described the world as it is.
After Kipling is fond of writing children's stories. Critics approved these works - fairy tales brought to the author with unprecedented popularity. In 1907, Kipling, the world's first Englishman, received the Nobel Prize in literature. Interestingly, Kipling is the youngest of the premiums awarded. The author came to the ceremony, but did not pronounce solemn speech. Soon after this event, the creative activity of the writer declined.
Personal life
In London, Rudyard Kipling met the young publisher Walcott Beilsir, who in 1892 died of typhus. Soon after his death, the writer married his sister Walcotta - Carolina. When the couple enjoyed each other during the honeymoon, the bank, where the savings of Kipling went bankrupt. Funds in young people were enough only on the road to Vermont, where the relatives of his wife lived.
At first, the newlyweds were filmed a small accommodation. But soon after the birth of daughter Josephine, when the threesome in the room became closely, the family bought the earth, entertaining and equipping the house on it. The second daughter Elsi was already born in this house. The family lived four years, until the quarrel of Kipling with Shurin.
After the scandal in 1896, the family returns to England, where the third child is born - the son of John. Reddarde was a loving father, even fairy tales in which so many spiritual heat, Kipling composed for children.
Not everything in the writer's personal life was smooth. During the trip to the United States, the eldest daughter of Josephine died from inflammation of the lungs - it became a strong blow for the author.
At this, the losses of the Reddard did not end - the death of the Son in the First World War, whose body did not find it, left the wound in the heart of the author. Kipling and Carolina in wartime worked in the Red Cross, they spent 4 years to clarify the circumstances of the death of the Son.
They had hope that the Son was captured to the Germans. But in June 1919, finally desperately, the writer told the military command of the death of his son. About these events filmed the film "My boy Jack".
Of the three children of Kipling, only Elsi lived a long life: died at the age of 80. A woman who is on the Internet, has tried to preserve the traditions of her husband and Father throughout life. After the death of Elsie, took his property to the National Fund.
Death
Rudyard continued to write, but the success has ever accompanied the author. Since 1915, the writer suffered from gastritis, but later it turned out that the diagnosis was incorrectly - in reality, Kipling suffered from an ulcer. The writer died in London on January 18, 1936, less than a week after surgery. The body of the Reddard is cremated, and the dust is located in the corner of poets in Westminster Abbey, next to Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy.The Sunset of the Writing Glory of Kipling was most likely great-contained and conservative views, as well as the public accessibility. Modernists assumed that the writer bypass the topic and the aesthetic principles they confess.
However, since the beginning of the 40s, the work of Kipling is rethought with critics. After the re-issuance of the collection of poems of the Rediard, interest in the works is reborn.
Bibliography
- 1888 - "Simple stories from the mountains"
- 1888 - "Three Soldiers"
- 1888 - "Baby Willi Vinki"
- 1893 - "White Cat"
- 1894 - "Jungle Book"
- 1895 - "The Second Book of the Jungle"
- 1896 - "Brave Captains"
- 1896 - "Seven Seas"
- 1896 - "White theses"
- 1898 - "Works of the Day"
- 1899 - "Stalks and K"
- 1899 - "White Man's burden"
- 1903 - "Five Nations"
- 1901 - "Kim"
- 1904 - "Ways and Opening"
- 1906 - "Pak from a bunch hill"
- 1909 - "Action and Countering"
- 1910 - "Awards and Fairy"
- 1910 - the poem "Commandment" ("own among the crowd of confused")
- 1918 - "Gefsema Garden"
- 1919 - "Gray Eyes Dawn"
- 1923 - "Irish Guardsmen during the Great War"
- 1932 - "Restriction and Update"
- 1937 - "A little about yourself"