Biography
The study of stories and fairy tales Dmitry Mine-Siberian was part of the obligatory school curriculum, and the portrait hung in each literature office along with other classics. The works of the writer were read easily and with pleasure, because they were distinguished by the colorfulness of descriptions and realism, although Dmitry Narcisovich generously used popular legends and legends. Ann Anton Chekhov, with whom the prosewaire drived acquaintance, responded about a colleague:"Mother's words are real, and he himself says and does not know others."Childhood and youth
Dmitry, born in November 1852, - the son of Narkis Matveyevich Mint and Dyakon's daughter Anna Semenovna Stepanova. According to some reports, the family of Elizabeth, the Brothers Vladimir and Nikolay grew up in the family. In some sources, it is indicated that Nikolai was a senior child, because he was born two years earlier.
The writer's father served in the Nikolsky temple in the village of Vicim, not far from modern Nizhny Tagil, consisted of natural science fans in the Ural society. Mother taught for free in the local christmas school. For childhood, Dmitry has only positive memories that do not say about the mature years of the biography. He wrote that he could not remember a single sad moment, the parents never punished and did not reproached anything.
Dmitry went to school for children of the workers of the Vicimo-Shaitansky railway, belonging to the representative of the famous Industrial Dynasty Akinfia Demidov. At the age of 12 at the insistence of Narkis, who wanted the Son to go to his footsteps, Dima entered the spiritual school in Yekaterinburg. However, the harsh morals of the educational institution influenced this, without that weak boy, that he fell ill. The Father brought the heir to home, and for two years, Mamin-Sibiryak enjoyed home, reading books, walks.
Then Dmitry was forced to return to the school, he moved to the Permian spiritual seminary. It had to live aimed. Church education, on the memoirs of the Mine-Siberian, did not give food for the mind. The only plus - there the future writer entered the circle of advanced seminarians who were fond of the ideas of Nikolai Chernyshevsky, Alexander Herzen and Nikolai Dobrolyubov.
The young man rushing in search of his own vocation. He went to St. Petersburg, entered the veterinary department of the Medical Academy, later moved to the general mercy. The next stage of education was St. Petersburg University, the separation of natural sciences, then the Faculty of Law.
At the same time, Dmitry worked as a tutoring and managed to help his brother Vladimir's money, when he studied at Moscow University and Demidovsky Lyceum. Subsequently, the younger brother became a famous lawyer and a politician. Prosper himself is so alone and did not graduate.
The University of Mamina Siberian had to leave due to the disease - the writer all his life struggled with tuberculosis. Dmitry returned to the lower salmo to his parents. After the death of the Father, which happened in 1878, on his shoulders lay caught in the content of the family. A difficult financial situation forced my mother's move to Ekaterinburg, where the only breadwinner hoped to find a job.
However, the expectations were not justified. Dmitry wrote a lot, tried the genres of the History, Novel, essays. Threw publishers with his writings, but everywhere I met indifference and refusal. Saving for the family was the acquaintance of Dmitry with the first wife and the first publications - in 1881, the Moscow "Russian statements" printed essays about the Motherland of the writer "from the Urals to Moscow", signed by D. Sibiryak. So the pseudonym joined the name Momin.
Literature
The first trial of the feather in Dmitry Narcisovich fell for a period of study in the seminary. Creativity of the writer who came to the beauty, history, the people of the Urals, did not adopted for a long time in the capital's circles. Mamin-Siberian was heard by a talented provincial.
Only after the output of the novel "Mountain Nest" about the natural forces changing the usual way of life, they spoke about the author, and Dmitry bought a house for mother and sister in Yekaterinburg. We added the success of the stories "in thin souls", "prospectors", "in the stones".
A logical continuation was the novel "Outdoor", in which the writer spoke about the development of capitalism, accompanied by the breakdown of previous ideals and the search for new ones in the St. Petersburg intelligentsia.
In St. Petersburg, the compositions of the "Gordeev Brothers" and "Bread" are published. Roman "Gold" described the color of the Siberian nature, the life of the prospectors, the features of human nature, which manifests itself in all its variety under the influence of a despicable metal. The fact that not everyone passes the test of wealth, the work of "wild happiness" talked.
In 1896, they came out with a separate book "Alyonushkin Fairy Tales", a symbol of optimism and faith in good. The writer said that be His will, wrote only for children, as it is the highest happiness. The stories "Emelya-Hunter" and "Zimovier on the student" are marked by prizes. "The fairy tale about the brave hare" carries morality: Belief in its own strength and support for loved ones will help the mountains to collapse.
In addition to the development of children's perception and expansion of the horizons, the work of the Mine-Siberian chased a moral purpose so that the reader thinks about the fate of heroes.
Roman "Privalov Millions" - Pearl of Dmitry's creativity. Subsequent works, according to literary criticism, did not approach this book in the depth and artistic strength of the narrative. And the Russian revolutionaries appreciated the author's attempt to awaken conscience in the rich and pay attention to the position of simple working people.
Personal life
With the first wife of Maria, Yakimovaya Alexei Writer met in 1877 on a picnic. The woman was married and raised 3 children. Her father held a high position at Demidov enterprises. A year later, Maria left her husband and moved to Yekaterinburg.
The couple began to live a civil marriage, and soon in the provincial city of Dmitry transported his own family. In the face of Alekseeva, he found not only personal happiness, but also a smart, reliable adviser in creative matters and editor of works.
However, in 1890, the Union collapsed. Dmitry came down with the daughter of a local photographer Maria Morithica Gainerich. And this sweetheart was also not free, but with her husband, St. Petersburg actor Abramov, did not live. Finally, Mamin-Sibiryak devoted the first wife the novel "Three End" and left Gainrich to Petersburg.
The divorce girl who, by the way, was almost 2 times younger than the writer, never received. Dmitry's happiness lasted a little over a year - in 1892 Abramov died, a day after the birth of their daughter. The baby was called Elena, and her father cared her Alyonushka.
An interesting fact: the younger sister of Mary, Elizabeth, the second wife of the writer Alexander Kupina. His first spouse Maria Karlovna grew up in the family of director of the St. Petersburg Conservatory Karl Davydov. The widow of the musician subsequently sheltered 10-year-old Lisa and Lena until the writer solved the questions of adventure.
For a child, legally illegitimate, Dmitry had to "play" to give him his surname. The highest permit was given only by the Minister of Justice Nikolai Muravyev. In addition, the girl revealed an ailment, nicknamed the people of the "Plysky St. Witt". And the death of his beloved handed over a man, he fell into depression, began to drink, thoughts about suicide appeared.
He led to a sense awareness that the Lenochka must be put on his feet. The daughters of Mamin-Sibiryak devoted the cycle of "Alyonushkin's fairy tales", immeued by the understanding of a childhood and, according to the writer, written by the Most of Love. The famous "gray neck" is practically the personification of a small sick girl who has become the center of the universe for the author.
In 1900, the Son of the Priest, finally, made a marriage in all the laws, told the crown of the nanny of Elena - Olga Franzenu Guvala. The governess was engaged in the formation of a receptional daughter. The girl drew well, played on the piano, wrote poems, studied foreign languages and philosophy. At 22, Elena died from tuberculosis, before that, he had time to visit his father's homeland and draw up a will, according to which real estate was transferred to Yekaterinburg. In the house of Mamina, the girl asked to create a museum.
Clear
The last years of the life of the Mine-Siberian proceeded difficult. The writer, who seemed to have found the glory of the inimitable realist yesterday, densed the poverty. In 1911, Dmitry suffered a stroke, after which he was partially paralyzed. A year later, the pleurisy appeared again. All this together and was the cause of the death of the singer of the Urals, as the Mine-Siberian fellow countrymen called, in November 1912.
Dmitry Narcisovich was buried at the Nikolsky cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. In 1914, Elena Mamina's grave appeared nearby. In the 1956 plow of the writer, Maria Abramova and their daughter are reburied on the Volkovsky cemetery, in the necropolis of cultural and science of "Literary Mostki".
Bibliography
- "The Secrets of Green Forest"
- "Privalov Millions"
- "On Shikhan"
- "Baska"
- "Alyonushkina Fairy Tales"
- "Mining nest"
- "Outside"
- "Three End"
- "Gold"
- "Translator on the forecast"
- "Ural stories"
- "Children's shadows"
- "Birthday boy"
- "Raspberry Mountains"
- "On the new way"