Biography
She was called the icon of the Russian ballet, the Taloni XX century, the fatal beauty. People's Artist of the USSR, Teacher of Maya Plisetskaya, Nikolai Tsiskaridze and the whole Pleiada of talented ballet artists, Marina Timofeevna Semenov lived a long and rich life, overcoming a centenary. She became the first swallow of the Soviet ballet, speaking at the legendary stage of the Paris Theater Grand Opera.Childhood and youth
The future reservoir of the Bolshoi Theater was born in 1908 in the city on the Neva, in the family of ordinary employees with a very modest taste and abundance of children. The chapter of the family died, leaving the widowed wife of six siblings. And who knows how the family had survived, if the mother did not meet a good and decent person, for whom she married. Former sailor, who worked at one of the plants of Petrograd, Nikolai Shechumes became a stepfather of a little Marina.
The first outstanding abilities of the girl noticed his mother's girlfriend Ekaterina Karina, the former ballerina who studied children of dance arts. Semenova, together with his sister, Valeria attended Karina's circle, and that by the eye instantly appreciated her incredible flexibility, advising the parents to give daughter to ballet.
Thus, the 10-year-old Marina Semenova appeared on the threshold of the choreographic technical school, which, after the revolution, there was an imperial theater school. Looking out a small punish girl, picky members of the Commission made a disappointing verdict: refuse.
And if it were not for the persistence of one of the teachers, the artist of Ballet Viktor Semenov, who said that "Seeds in the ballet should be more," Marina would have left home with anything. But she was accepted and determined at the boarding school.
The fragile girl hit the class to a wonderful mentor, Mother Galina Ulanova, Mary Romanova. The woman from the very first occupation realized that the diamond was hit in her hands, which, with proper cut, will turn into the most valuable diamond.
Soon the understanding that Marina Semenov is a dancer from God, came to the former strict examiners, initially refused to her. The girl was transferred from the 1st grade in the 3rd. The new mentor of Marina was Agrippina Vaganov, which young ballerinas were afraid as a fire. The woman was famous for steep and ruthless temper, punished for the slightest areas.
Marina Semenova, greeted on the chest of good Maria Romanova, went to the Vaganova class and soon realized that Agrippina Yakovlevna is the second mother. Later, the famous ballerina called Vaganov, with whom he was friends before her life.
Ballet
The debut of the brilliant ballet artist took place when she was barely 13 years old. The dancer received the first role in the ballet "Magic Flute". The second party went to Marina Semenova in Silvia ballet: the girl entrusted the role of the Lady of Dryad. But the first two roles were only preface to the real stage debut. She was entrusted with the party in the Don Quixote Ballet, where the Big Theater of the Big Theater of the Quiz Cyger arrived from Moscow. Young Marina was not worse than the famous Muscovite.
The diploma of his beloved student Vaganova was handed over in 1925. Especially for the favorite, the mentor resumed the ballet Delibe "Creek". The Fairy Party Marina Semenov performed not on the student scene, but on the stage of the former Mariinsky Theater. This role has become a significant milestone in the biography of the artist, because after its execution, Semenov was enrolled in the troupe of the Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater. The ballerina came out on his stage, from 1925 to 1930.
The parish of Marina Semenova in the former "Mariineka" turned out to be a triumphal and broke out a well-established tradition: the artist "rearranged" the first mandatory step of all newcomers - he passed the work in the Kordelythet. Even starry Anna Pavlova, who closed on this scene, did not dream about such a rapid career at one time.
Semenova from the first days entrusted leading parties. In the Swan Lake, she played Odeta-Odillia, in the "Sleeping Beauty" - Aurora and Florin, in "Bayaderka" embodied Nikia. Marina's partner on stage, and then in the marital life was the most mentor and nameor Viktor Semenov.
In the 1930th began the gradual translation of the troupe to the capital. Marina and Victor Semenov have moved to the Labor Theater's Login. At the beginning of September of the same year, the name of the future legend of the Soviet ballet was first appeared on the posters. The artist performed in the main party - Nikia in "Bayaderka" choreography Marius Petipa.
On the speeches of Marina Semenova, who instantly became a great finish, the highest ranks and members of the government with spouses come. Almost due to the dancer ballet proclaimed one of the main arts of the Union.
The Russian ballet diamond praised Anatoly Lunacharsky in a conversation with Sergey Dyagilev during his stay in Paris. Stefan Collega, who saw Semenov for the first time on the stage of the Moscow BT, was tested the strongest shock. About the brilliant ballerina, who played a swan party in the play "Swan Lake," he wrote in memoirs.
He having heard about the dancer whose skill was struck by all sophisticated balletomanians, the premier of the Parisian opera and the theorist of dance Serge Lifar invited Marina Semenov to perform on the Grand Opera scene. Soviet officials, fastening the heart, approved tour, although Klim Voroshilov opposed to the last. He was a convinced opponent of the trips of Soviet artists abroad, believing that they would remain there. Unfortunate Voroshilov Lazar Kaganovich, a thin connoisseur of ballet and a seed fan.
The triumph of Marina Semenova, speaking on the legendary stage of the French capital in the party of Giselle, was predictable. Her partner was the Liminar himself. The French newspapers chose in the praise of the Soviet star, calling her Giselle "masterpiece of ballet art."
The triumphal procession of Marina Semenova was cut off in 1937, when the second husband of the ballerina came to the wheel of repression and Stalinist cleansing, Ambassador to Turkey Lion Karakhan. After his execution, the artist miraculously managed to avoid the participation of the spouse. Only global fame saved her from arrest and death. The path to foreign touring for the deserved artist was closed, but she continued to go out on the scene.
Awards and mercy of power returned to the Bolshoi Theater during the war years. In 1941, the dancer awarded the Stalin Prize, and in the victorious 1945 Marina Semenova came to the scene with the corona number: performed Waltz in the play "Ivan Susanin".
Dance career Semenova ended in 1952. From 1953 to 1997, Marina Timofeevna taught and worked as a tutor in the big one. Among her students Maya Plisetskaya, Rimma Karelian, Marina Kondratieva, Nadezhda Pavlova, Galina Stepanenko, Nikolai Tsiskaridze. Since 1997, the legend of Soviet ballet art is Professor Rati. Semenova worked up to 95 years, and her students called the Semenov regiment.
Personal life
Marriage with the former mentor Viktor Semenov's Ballerina ended shortly after moving from Leningrad to Moscow. The Deputy Commissar of Foreign Affairs Lion Karakhan was fighting the royal beauty of the ballerina and for the sake of her left the second wife and three children. They lived in actual marriage until the shooting of Karakhan.
The only daughter Katya Artist gave birth from the third husband, actor Vsevolod Aksenov. The daughter went in the footsteps of the famous mother and also became ballerina. He served in the Bolshoi Theater.
Death
The color of Russian emigration came to the performance of the prince in the Paris of the Grand-Opera in 1935. I ignored the arrival of Semenova, only Matilda Kshesinskaya, explaining that she, the wife of the prince, the status was not to attend the speech of the wife of the diplomat. Ranking, which produced Furior in the French capital Marina Semenov remembered Demarsh Colleagues.
When, in December 1971, Marina Timofeevna heard about the death of Kshesinsky, who did not reach the 100th anniversary, smiled and promised that he would certainly survive Matilda.
The legendary dancer performed a promise with interest: Semenova did not become on the 102th year of life. She died in June 2010. The cause of death was old age. Buried the legend on the 10th plot of the Novodevichy cemetery.
Party
Repertoire in the Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater
- 1925 - "Ruch" L. Minkus, choreography M. Petipa - Naila
- 1925 - "Don Quixote" L. Minkusa, choreography A. Gorsky - Lady DRIAD
- 1925 - "Sleeping Beauty" P. Tchaikovsky, choreography M. Petipa - Princess Florin
- 1926 - "Bayaderka" L. Minkus, choreography M. Petipa - Nikia
- 1927 - "Sleeping Beauty" P. Tchaikovsky, choreography M. Petipa - Princess Aurora
- 1929 - "Raymond" A. Glazunova, choreography M. Petipa - Raymond
Repertoire in the Bolshoi Theater
- 1930 - Swan Lake P. Tchaikovsky - Odetta Odile
- 1930 - "Sleeping Beauty" P. Tchaikovsky, choreography M. Petipa - Princess Aurora
- 1931 - "Ruslan and Lyudmila" M. Glinka, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Lezginka
- 1934 - "Esmeralda" Ch. Puni, editors V. Tikhomirova - Esmeralda
- 1934 - "Giselle" A. Adana, Choreography J. Coralicle, J. Perero and M. Petipa - Giselle
- 1935 - "Chopenian" to the music of F. Chopin, choreography M. Fokina - Prelude
- 1936 - Bakhchisarai Fountain B. Asafieva, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Maria
- 1937 - "Ruslan and Lyudmila" M. Glinka, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Magic Virgo
- 1938 - Caucasian Captive B. Asafieva, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Polina
- 1939 - "Nutcracker" P. Tchaikovsky, Balletmister V. Vinonen - Masha
- 1941 - Taras Bulba V. Solovyov-gray, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Pannachka
- 1945 - "Carmen" J. Bize, Balletmaster R. Zakharov - Moreno
- 1946 - Baryshnya-peasant woman B. Asafieva, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Lisa
- 1947 - Cinderella S. Prokofiev, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Cinderella
- 1949 - "Copper Horseman" B. Asafieva, Balletmister R. Zakharov - Queen Bala