Biography
Alexander Galich - author and artist of their own songs, playwright and prose, poet and screenwriter. This surname of a man - Ginzburg, and Galich is a literary pseudonym, which the poet made up with the help of letters from his own names, name and patronymic.Childhood and youth
Alexander was born in the fall of 1918 in the Ukrainian city of Dnieper, former Ekaterinoslave, in the family of Jews. Boy's mother Veksler Feig Borisovna worked in a conservatory, and Father Aron Samoilovich worked in the economic sphere. Sasha is not the only child in the family, the boy had a younger brother Valery, who had already worked as a film operator in adulthood.
When Alexander was 2 years old, his family moved to Sevastopol, and after 3 years in Moscow. He ended up in the capital of Russia. The talent of the young writer Parents and teachers have noticed in childhood. Therefore, the first publication of Galich appeared in the Pioneer Pravda, when it was 13 years old.
Already at that age Sasha knew that his profession would be connected with creativity, but it could not fully determine in which direction. Therefore, after graduating from the 9th grade, the young man arrives in almost one time in the opera-dramatic studio of Stanislavsky and the literary institute, which soon threw. And after 3 years, left the opera-dramatic studio.
In 1939, the young man enters Alexei Arbuzov and Valentine's Studio Theater Studio. Alexander's debut as a playwright took place in a year of study, in collaboration with other students, he created a scenario for the play "City at Zare". And also wrote a song for the play and played one of the roles.
At the beginning of the war, the guy was freed from medical testimony. Later with an exploration party, Galich goes to Grozny and is already there in the Drama Theater, where it works for several years. The moving of the poet to Tashkent is connected with the studio of Arbuzova, who created the theater group and invited there former wards.
Music
Music in the biography of Galich appears in the late 1950s. A man writes songs and independently performs them, playing the guitar. When creating the author's song, Bard was repelled from the romance tradition and soon became one of the bright representatives of the genre. And with the advent of the first tape recorders, when the songs were recorded and listened to several times, changed records, the man acquired even greater fame.
Already later, creating collections, the man did not include the first recorded songs in them. And several works of 1959-1962 were prohibited by state bodies of the USSR, since, in their opinion, they did not comply with Soviet aesthetics. With a sense of injustice towards his own creativity, Galich still continues to compose poems for songs that are becoming deeper and sharp in terms of political relations every time.
Of course, all this lasted until a certain time and, in the end, led to a conflict with government authorities. A man forbid to give concerts, produce verses of their own essay and record records. In his youth, Galich became the only writer who chose freedom, refusing a comfortable and prosperous life.
Alternatively, the ban's concerts arranged concerts in the apartments, his listeners were recorded and distributed cassettes with songs. However, KGB workers clearly tracked these moments, the cassettes were often excreted, and the concerts demanded to cancel.
However, this is not the worst thing that Alexander Arkadyevich was expected. In the spring of 1968, the Bard decides to speak at a public concert, which was held within the framework of the Festival of the author's song in Novosibirsk. Among our works, a man performs the song "Memory B. L. Pasternak". And a month after this event, a publication appears in the local Novosibirsk newspaper, where Galich is subjected to public cure. Immediately in his address comes the threats, ban on the performance of songs and repression.
Trying to ignore the reaction of the authorities, a year later, Alexander Galich releases the first book "Songs". The stamp is engaged in the "anti-Soviet" foreign publishing house "Sowing". For this in 1971, right before the New Year, a man is excluded from the USSR Writers' Union, and next year he ceases to be a member of the Literary Foundation and the Union of Cinematographers.
During work as the author of songs and poems Galich created a lot of works. Most of all fans loved the book "When I return," the ballad on the eternal fire and about consciousness, the bard song "Once again about the feature" and other essays.
Films
In the early period of life, the playwright Galich created only theatrical plays. In the period from 1946 to 1959, he wrote 6 plays, including the "Street of Boys", "the paths that we choose", "there is a lot of whether a person needs", etc. In 1958, the poet creates a play called "Syrosk Silence". The premiere was planned to be held in the "Contemporary" theater, which at that time only opened. However, the debut was not destined to take place, and for the first time the audience saw the production after the author's death, in 1988.
In 1954, a man creates the first scripts for films. The most memorable for viewers and film critics were paintings "on seven winds", "State criminal", "Third youth", "Running on the waves" and others. In 1964, for the film "State Criminal" Galich awarded the diploma of the KGB of the USSR.
Personal life
With the future wife of Valentina Arkhangelsk Galich met in Tashkent. The woman was an actress. Her older brother Rostislav Arkhangelsky is a conductor and composer. For some time, young people met, and after moving to Moscow decided to legalize relations. And almost immediately after the wedding, they began to think about children, so after a year Valentine gave birth to her husband to Alexander's daughter. However, the personal life of the poet was not always happy.
2 years after the birth of a joint child, Valentine decides to move to Irkutsk, because it receives the place of the leading actress in the local duster. Relationships at a distance are difficult to give young people, and over time it leads to the divorce.
Alexander Arkadyevich did not suffer from loneling and in 1947 he was married again. This time the elected poet became Angelina Nikolaevna Shekrot. Despite the treason of her husband, the woman was with him to death, waiting for him at home and loved to the latter.
In 1967, information about the birth of Galich an extramarital son appeared in the press. His gave birth to the name of Gorky Sophia Mikhnova-Voitenko. The boy called Grisha and recorded the mother's name.
The last years of life were tense for Alexander Galich. Infrounding his rights as the author and the artist of the songs, blocking the way to further development of the career, government authorities contributed to ensuring that in 1974 a man immigrated from the USSR.
Moreover, two versions of how he did it in the sources of those years. Some say that in Israel's visa, and others argue that emigration took place under the guise of leaving the Norwegian seminar. 4 months after that, all the works of Alexander Arkadyevich - books, songs, poems and plays - prohibit in the USSR and deprive a man of citizenship.
Leaving the Soviet Union, Alexander Arkadyevich in Norway. There, he produces his first vinyl record "A Whispered Cry" ("Creek Whispering") with 12 compositions. On the cover of the record placed a photo of the author with a guitar in his hands. Later, Galich moves to Munich, and then, already for permanent residence, chooses Paris.
Death
After moving to another country, Alexander places life together with his wife. However, their idyll in a new place lasted long. The tragedy that occurred with the poet apparently was destined for fate.
In one day, Galich's wife went to the shopping store, and the man at that time decided to independently connect the antenna to the TV. As a result of shock, the man died on December 15, 1977. The cause of death was the electrical discharge, which Galich received due to the wrong handling of the electrician.
When his wife discovered him in the apartment, he was still alive, but since the doctors went to the place of the tragedy for a long time, Alexander could not save. For some time there were rumors that the poet died not by chance, and his murder was prepared in advance and planned. However, this version did not find confirmations, and everyone who was at the site of the death of Galich also declare an accident.
The funeral of Alexander Arkadyevich passed 7 days after death. The grave of the poet is in Paris, in the Russian cemetery.
An interesting fact is that the ban on the release of books and songs of the poet was removed in 1980. Apparently, acknowledging the talent of Alexander Arkadyevich, in 1993 the authorities of the country decided to posthumously return the citizenship.
Discography
- 1968 - "Novosibirsk 1968"
- 1971-1972 - "Alexander Galich"
- 1967-1974 - "When I Return"
- 1974 - "A WHISPERED CRY"
- 1975 - "Galich in Israel"
- 1990 - "Night Watch"
- 1994 - "Memory"
Filmography
- 1951 - "In the steppes"
- 1953-1954 - "On the raft"
- 1960 - "Risen" three times "
- 1964 - "State Criminal"
- 1964 - "Good City"
- 1965 - "Third youth"
- 1967 - "Running on the Waves"
- 1970 - "Taimyr causes you"
- 1976 - "When I return"