Biography
Theodosia Morozova, famous in Folklore as a boyfriend of Morozova, is the martyr theodore in atocacy. Approximate to the family of the kings of the genus Romanovs, the Supreme Boyfriend preached at the courtyard under the leadership of the Avvakum Protopopa. There was one of the few women who played a role in the history of the Russian state. After death, she began to be honored with an opinion as a holy. The tragic fate of the boyar is dedicated to the paintings of Russian painters, opera, television film, several books.Childhood and youth
Feodosia Prokofievna Morozova was born in Moscow on May 21, 1632 in the family of Proofyia Fedorovich Socovkina. Father was related to Maryia Iliny Miloslavskaya - the first wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, two years served as a governor in the north, then in 1631 he was appointed a messenger to the Crimea, he participated in the Zemsky Cathedral, headed by a stone order (1641-1646).
In 1650, the court rank (2nd after Boyarina) and the post of okolichnoye. Mother - Anice Nikitichna Naumova. Feodosia was among the courtiers who accompanied the sovereign. The sister of Feodosia, Evdokia Prokofievna, was the wife of Prince Peter Semenovich Urusov. Back in the family of the Sococoven, there were two sons: Fedor and Alexey.
The high position allowed the girlfriend of the 54-year-old Gleb Ivanovich Morozov at the age of 17 for the origin of the girl in 17 years. According to some sources, the mother of Matrena, who lived at the Socochetic, was against the wedding of Gleb and Feodosia, predicted the tragic biography of the future boyfriend:
"Son will lose, you will bring the faith to the test, you will stay alone, and they will bury you in ice earth!".Wedding took place in the Moscow region named after Morozin Zyuzino in 1649, where the king with the queen was visited on the third day of the newlyweds. Feodosia received the title of Tsaritsyn "arrivals of the boyfriend", had the right to visit the sovereign in relational.
A year after the wedding, Gleb and Feodosia were born Son Ivan. There were rumors that a young boyfriend "guided" the child (perhaps from the king). After all, before that, the man did not have children (Sokovkin was the 2nd wife Morozov). It was rumored that the male strength he missed for the acquisition of wealth.
In his youth, the Morozov brothers (Boris and Gleb) served with Tsar Mikhail's sleeping schools. When young Alexey climbed the throne, Boris's elder brother became his closest advisor. With the participation of Morozov, the sovereign married Mary Miloslavskaya, and 10 days after the monarch of the wedding, Boris was combined with a marriage with the sister of the Queen and became a royal savory. Morozov-Sr. died in 1661, a huge state got a brother's family.
A year later, in 1662, Gleb Morozov died, leaving the inheritance to the son of Ivan Glebovich, Feodosiya became the owner of the richness of her husband. Boyfriend with a descendant turned into the most wealthy people of the Russian state.
Feodosia with his son owned several estates, lived in the estate of Zyuzino near Moscow. The boa house was equipped with a western manner, for a walk she went on a gilded carriage with a mosaic, shaped 6 or 12 horses. In its possession there were 8 thousand fortress and 300 servants. She was at this time a little over 30 years old. Significant was the court with the court - the Supreme Board.
Morozova was smart and read in church literature. She generously distributed alms, attended poor houses, foddes, prisons, helped in need.
Old Believers
Morozova was a fanatically religious person. She did not accept the reform and the new views of the Patriarch Nikon, although attended the church in the church and was baptized "Thro.".
In the house of the Verkhovna Bohruny, they often found refuge, whisk and was also faithful to the old canons. A frequent guest was the leader of the Russian Old Believers Protopop Avvakum, who became a spiritual father of Morozova and settled in her house after the Siberian reference. Under his influence, the estate of the Feodosia became the stronghold of the Old Believers, soon they were joined by the sister of the boyar of Evdokia Urusov.
The young widow kept the loyalty to her husband, for the pacification of the flesh, wore Vissarcu, tortured himself with posts and prayers. According to Avvakum, it was not enough, once he advised the boyfriend to flick his eyes so as not to fall "in sin." Protopop reproached Feodosius in the catchness and insufficient material support of the experts. Morozova, generous and kind in character, just tried to save the family for a son.
Avvakum re-exiled to exile, Morozova secretly with him was rewritten. This was reported by the monarch. The king limited himself as persuasion, opal her relatives. He took away the defenders who belonged to the boyars, but thanks to the intercession of the queen they were returned in honor of the birth of the sovereign of the heir, John Alekseevich.
In 1669, Maria Ilinichna, Maria Ilichnna died. A year later, Morozova received a secret monastic stop under the name of Inokini Feodora. From that time, she stopped appearing at the court, refused to attend the wedding of the king with Natalia Naryshkin. The sovereign tolerated for a long time, sent to Boyaryn Prince Urusov, the former husband of Sister Evdokia, with persuasion to abandon the heresy and become the path of the truth faith. The messenger received a decisive failure.
Death
In 1671, King Alexey Mikhailovich took tough measures towards rebellious boyfriend. On November 17, Feodosia and Evdokia were arrested and interrogated Archimandrite Ioakim and Deck Illarion Ivanov. Sisters chained in the "gland" and placed under house arrest. A few days later they were transported to the monastery. This moment depicted the Russian painter from Vasily Surikov in the picture "Boayna Morozov". A recalcitrant woman who admired the artist was driving on the woodlons in the Moscow streets.
At the interrogations, Feodosia did not repent, she was sent away from Moscow, to the Pskovo-Pechersk monastery, the property was confiscated. Brothers, Fyodor and Alexey were exiled, and the son of Ivan soon died (on rumors, death was violent).
Patriarch Pitirim asked the king for the Opt Sisters, but Alexey Mikhailovich refused to pardon the arrested and instructed the Patriarch to conduct a consequence. Feodosia and Evdokia tied, subjected to torture on the punch, they wanted to sentence to burn as heretics. From the fire of sisters, representatives of the Russian aristocracy, saved the intercession of the boyars headed by the sister of the monarch Irina Mikhailovna. However, their servants and associates still were betrayed fire.
Feodosia and Evdokia were sent first to the Novodevichy Monastery, then in the Khamovnic Slobodie and, finally, in the Paftyevo-Borovsky monastery, they threw in an earthen prison and left to die from cold and hunger.
Their last days were terrible. Evdokia died on September 18, 1975, and on November 1, Feodosia died. From the last strength, she asked the jailer to wash her elapsed shirt in the river, so that in pure to move into the world another. The sisters were buried in Borovsk at the Ostrog, in 1682 the brothers were put on the grave of a white-eyed slab.
For the first time this place was described by the historian Pavel Mikhailovich Stroyev in 1820. The traveler Pavel Russia in the memoirs of 1908 mentioned that the tomb of the martyrs was acquired by the "wretched wooden fence. Over the headboard rises curly birch with her Icon who went into the trunk. " Local workers took care about her. The question of erecting a chapel's monument on this place was repeatedly raised.
In 1936, the grave was revealed, the remains of two people discovered. A few photos have been preserved in the archives. It is not known for now, left them in the same place or moved somewhere. The tombstone was transferred to the historical and local history museum.
In May 1996, the Old Believer community of the city of Borovsk was allocated a place for the settlement for the construction of a memorable sign: installed a 2-meter wooden cross and a metal plate:
"Here, in the Borovsky settlement in 1675, martyrs were buried for the ancient rural faith, the fear of Feodosiya Prokofievna Morozov (in the inkines of Theodore) and her sister of Princess Evdokia Prokofievna Urusova."In 2003-2004, at the site of the burial of the booring of Morozova and Princess, Urusova built an old supplied chapel, in the underground part of which they put a plate from the grave of the sisters.
Memory
- 1885 - A.D.Litovchenko "Boary Morozova" (picture)
- 1887 - V.I. Surikov "Boyarnya Morozova" (picture)
- 2006 - R.K.Shedrin "Boyaryna Morozova" (Opera)
- 2006 - E.G. Stepanyan "Song about Boyajna Morozova" (literature)
- 2008 - V.S. Baranovsky "Boyajna Morozova. Historical Tale "(literature)
- 2011 - "split" (television series)
- 2012 - K.Y. Kinder "Fear Morozova" (literature)