Biography
Chernyshevsky said about the books of Sergei Aksakov, "the truth is felt on every page." The distinctive language of works, full of "gems of the national dictionary", and the ability to portray nature and man in one inseparable unity - these are advantages, thanks to which his works and now read everything - from preschoolers to scientists.Childhood and youth
Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov was born in the estate of Novo-Aksakovo Orenburg province in 1791. The family belonged to the old nobility, but was relatively poor. Serge had two brothers and 3 sisters. Father worked as a prosecutor in the Zemsky Court, and the mother heard a very educated lady formed by the lady, who loved books and scholars and even consisting in correspondence with famous enlighteners.
The grandfather Stepan Mikhailovich, "The Social and Energy Personnel-Pioneer", and the Society of Servants, were given a significant impact on the booming of the boy. The memory of the beautiful folklore world, with whom he was in contact in childhood, is a tale of the "Scarlet Flower", told by the key Pelagey and recorded many years later by memory.
In 1799, Sergey gives to learn from the local gymnasium, later he becomes a student of the new Kazan University. The first works of a young writer who saw the light, became poems written in the naive romantic style, which were placed in handwritten student magazines.
In 1807, at the age of 15 years, without finishing the university course, Sergey Aksakov moved to Moscow, and from there to St. Petersburg. There he worked as a translator and consisted in a circle of "conversations of lovers of the Russian word" together with Ivan Krylov, Alexander Shishkov and other jequatians of the native language. Then he wrote poems, according to his youthful creation in style - by that time, Aksakov was disappointed in the school of romantics and moved away from sentimentalism. His most famous poem - "Here is my homeland."
Later, Sergey Timofeevich entered the theatrical environment and began to translate the plays, as well as to speak with literary criticism in advanced metropolitan magazines and newspapers. In 1827, Aksakov received a censorship in the Moscow censorship committee, but he lost him a year later for missed the humorous ballad of V. Protashinsky, in which the Moscow police appeared in a disadvantageous light.
By the time the writer had already acquired a huge number of useful ties and dating and was able to quickly find a new place of the inspector in the Konstantinovsky Survey School.
In the 1820s, the House of Aksakova is the place of collecting literary figures of the capital, in which representatives of various currents had access: although the writer himself considered himself with Slavophil, he did not adhere to a categorical position and willingly communicated with opponents. For the famous "Saturdays" in the Boymetric House of Sergey Timofeevich, well-known actors and composers came in, and in 1849 he celebrated his 40th anniversary Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol.
Literature
In 1826, the writer received a censorship. By the time he was already married, and the family had to move to Moscow. Aksakov loved to spend time in nature, and Sergei Timofeevich himself was also a passionate hunter, so for the summer they left for the city.
In 1837, the father of Aksakov died, leaving his son a major legacy and thereby giving the opportunity to focus on writing, family and economic affairs. The writer bought Abramtsevo - the estate of 50 versts from Moscow, which today has the status of the Museum-Reserve, and settled there.
Sergey Aksakov wrote a little, mainly short articles and reviews, but in 1834, in Almana, Dennitsa appears Essay "Buran", in which his unique style and syllable were first manifested. Having received a lot of laudatory reviews and gaining fame in literary circles, Aksakov began for "family chronicles".
In 1847, he turned to natural science knowledge and impressions and wrote the famous "notes about the fishe tense", and after another 5 years - "Notes of a rifle hunter", met readers with delight.
"We have not had such a book."So Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenis was enthusiastically wrote in Reviews to the first to come. The writer himself gave little importance to the success of the books - he wrote for himself, going into creativity from life problems, including cash and family troubles, which a lot had accumulated by that time. In 1856, the "Family Chronicle", before that, published in journals in the form of passages, came out with a separate book.
"The Children's Years of Bagrova-grandson" belongs to the late period of his creative biography. Critics note in them the unevenness of the narrative, less capacity and conciseness compared to the fact that Aksakov wrote earlier. The application to the book was the tale of the "Scarlet Flower" - her writer dedicated to the little granddaughter Olga.
At the same time, "" literary and theatrical memories ", full of interesting facts, quotes and paintings from the life of contemporaries, but having a smaller literary value compared to artistic prose Sergey Timofeevich. Peru Aksakov also belongs to the stories about nature, designed for small readers - "nest", "sultry noon", "Start of summer", "Iceshop" and others.
About the writer said that all his life he spiritually grew up with the century. In his works, Aksakov did not strive for angry chindling: he simply truthfully showed all aspects of the life of the Russian estate of that time, even the darkest and unpleasant, but at the same time was far from revolutionary thoughts and even more so in order to invest their reader's head .
Some critics, for example, N. A. Dobrolyubov, put it in guilt, but, being in the nature of a tolerant and sensitive man, Aksakov did not seek to impose his opinion and preferred just to be honestly to portray what he sees around.
Personal life
In June 1816, the novice writer married Olga said - the daughter of the Suvorovsky General from Turkish Schiel-Sum. After the wedding, the couple lived in a parent house for a while, and then the writer's father allocated them a separate estate hope. Both spouses were not distinguished by talents in the management of the economy, so the family soon moved to Moscow.
Sergey Timofeevich was a touchingly caring father for numerous children (according to some sources, he had 10, according to others - 14) and was ready to take on all the concerns about them, even those that were usually entrusted with nanny.
Personal life and communication with grown siblings, especially sons, played a prominent role in the formation of the writer's glances. They did not care about it in a warehouse and temperament, but it was inherited from the Father Thirst for Knowledge and Tolerance for Egnobility. In the heirs of Aksakov, saw the embodiment of modern youth with its high demands and complex tastes and sought to comprehend and develop them.
Later, three children of the writer replenished the ranks of prominent scientists of the Slavophile direction: Ivan Aksakov became a well-known publicist, faith - by a public figure and the author of Memoirov, Konstantin - historian and tongue.
Death
Sergey Timofeevich, with youthful years, suffered from epilepsy. In addition, since the mid-1840s, he began with vision problems, which in the late years became especially painful. He could no longer work and the last writings dictated daughters faith.
In 1859, the writer died in Moscow, did not have time to complete the story of Natasha, which was going to describe his hope as the main heroine. The cause of death was the aggravated disease, which before that brought the writer to full blindness.
Sergey Timofeevich was buried at the cemetery at Simonov Monastery, and in the Soviet years the aspirator was postponed to Novodevichi.
Interesting Facts
- Sergey Aksakov collected butterflies and even tried to breed them alone.
- The writer had more than 20 pseudonyms, which most often had his critical articles. The most famous of them - the East of Romanov and P. St.
- The surname of Aksakov has Turkic roots and dates back to the word meaning "chrome".
- The theatrical performance "Scarlet flower" entered the Guinness Book of Records as the longest running statement for children - in 2001 he was played in the 4000th time.
- In Soviet times, an artismal school, a children's colony, post office, hospital, a hostel for workers, a general education school-seven-year school was located in the Aksakov.
- The writer fluently owned three foreign languages - German, French and English.
Quotes
Hunt, no doubt, one hunt. You utter this magic word, and everything becomes clear. Starful bellows do not withstand young wine, and the old heart does not endure young feelings. In a human being, a lot of egoism is hidden; He acts often without our knowledge, and no one is removed from him. Yes, there is a moral power of the right case, to which the courage of the wrong person is inferior.Bibliography
- 1821 - "Ural Cossack"
- 1847 - "Notes on Fish Cook"
- 1852 - "Notes of the Hunter Hunter of the Orenburg province"
- 1852 - "The story of my dating with Gogol"
- 1855 - "Stories and memories of a hunter of different hunting"
- 1856 - "Family Chronicle"
- 1856 - "Memories"
- 1858 - "Articles on Hunting"
- 1858 - "Scarlet flower: Fairy Tale of Pelagia"
- 1858 - "Children's Years of Bagrova-Grandson"