Biography
Albrecht Durer is a German artist whose achievements left a trace in science and art. He wrote pictures, created drawings, engravings. The master was fond of studying geometry and astronomy, philosophy and urban planning. The memory of the talented artist of art is calculated by a large number of works. The volume of heritage left by Albrecht Durer, compare with the collections of Rembrandt and Leonardo da Vinci.Childhood and youth
The Renaissance Agency was born in Nuremberg on May 21, 1471 in the Hungarian family who migrated to Germany. German painter - 3 child from 18 children of Jeweler. By 1542, only three Durer brothers remained alive: Albrecht, Endres and Hans.
In 1477, Albrecht was already a student of the Latin school, and at home he often helped her father. The parent cherished the hope that the boy will continue a family business, but the biography of the Son was different. The talent of the future painter became noticeable early. Having received the first knowledge from the Father, the boy wondered to learn from Engrar and the painter Michael Volhemut. Durer Sr. briefly indulged and sent Albrecht under the cumier guardianship.
Wolgemut's workshop had impeccable reputation and popularity. The 15-year-old young man took over the skills of painting, drawing and engraving on wood and copper. The debut was the "Portrait of the Father".
From 1490 to 1494, Albrecht traveled Europe, enriching knowledge and gaining experience. In Colmar, Dürer worked with the sons of Martin Schongauer, who did not have time to catch alive. Albrecht was in a circle of humanists and bookprints.
In the journey, the young man received a letter from his father who announced about the agreement with the Frey family. The noble parents agreed to give the daughter of Agness Marry Albrecht. He gained a new status and started his own business.
Painting
Durera's creativity is limitless, as well as the spectrum of ideas and interests. Painting, engraving and drawing have become the main directions of activity. The artist left a heritage calculated by 900 sheets of images. In terms of the volume and diverseness of works, art historians compare it with Leonardo da Vinci.
Durer worked as coal, pencil, reed feather, watercolor and silver pin, putting a picture as a step of creating a composition at the head of the corner. Religious topics played a big role in the work of Dürer, which corresponded to the trends in the art of that era.
Non-standard thinking, the tendency to finding and experiments allowed the master to constantly develop. One of the first orders was the painting of the House of the city of Zebald Schraira. Having learned about the successful work of the artist, Kurfürst Saxon Friedrich Wise ordered him his portrait, and this example was followed by Patricia Nuremberg. Durer followed the European tradition, depicting a model on the background of a scenery in a three-fourth reversal and working in detail the smallest nuances of the image.
Engravings held a central place in the activities of the Creator. Cycles of work appeared in his workshop in Germany. Debut instances are created using Anton Coberger. Nuremberg has placed to experiments and search, so the master applied new techniques in his homeland.
Works were well sold. The painter collaborated with the city publications, creating images to order. In 1498, he made xylography for the publication "Apocalypse", which brought the author fame in Europe. Dürer accepted the humanists' society, whose leader was Kondrat Thtchis.
In 1505, the artist created an altar image for the San Bartoloma church in Venice called "Holiday of Roskov". The plot describes the Dominican monks who are praying with rosary. In the center of the image - Virgin Mary and baby Jesus.
The Italian school influenced the manner of the painter. He improved the technique of describing the human body in motion and complex angles. The artist understood the importance of lines' flexibility and got rid of his gothic angularity inherent in his manner. He received many orders for altar images. The Venetian Council suggested a great remuneration to Dürer so that the Creator remains in Italy, but he was faithful to his homeland. The glory of Durer grew rapidly and soon allowed to buy a house in Cissergass.
"The worship of the Volkhvov" is written on returning from Italy and demonstrates the features inherent in Italian Renaissance. The picture describes the biblical plot. Dürer's works, created in the period from 1507 to 1511, are characterized by symmetry, pragmatic, strict manner of the image. Durer followed the wishes of customers and adhered to a conservative tradition that did not limit the cycle of its Venetian works.
Meeting with Emperor Maximillian I became a sign for a creative figure. After reading the works of the painter, the ruler ordered the manufacture of his own portrait. But I could not pay right away, so I appointed an annual award an annual prize. She allowed Dureru to move away from painting, engraving and scientific research. "Portrait of Maximillian" is known for the whole world: the vengeous feature is depicted with a yellow grenade in his hands.
The German artist influenced the Fine Arts of Northern Europe in the 16th century. He exalted the autoportist genre, preserving an image for descendants. Interesting fact: Durer keshil the vanity by his own portraits. He perceived such images as a way to emphasize the status and capture himself at a specific life stage. This duplicates the modern features of the photo. Interesting his self-portraits with an ostolist and clothing, decorated with fur.
Dürer kept the drawings created during the training period, so the graphic works of the master today make up one of the largest collections in the world. Working on the image, Albrecht Dürer was not limited to the desires of the customer and revealed in it as much as possible. He felt the same freedom, creating engravings.
"Knight, death and the devil" is the famous artist engraving, symbolizing the life path of man. Faith protects him from temptations, the devil is waiting for the moment for enslavement, and death counts the clock to death. "Four riders of the apocalypse" - work from the biblical cycle. The winner, war, hunger and death sweep away everyone and all on the way, reward everyone according to merit.
Personal life
In 1494, Albrecht Durer at the insistence of his father married Agnes Frey, a representative of an old genus. As it often happened in those times, young people did not see each other before the wedding. A self-portrait became the only news from the groom. Durer was not a fan of the institute of the family and devoted himself to creativity. The spouse remained cold to art. Perhaps this is the reason that the master's personal life is connected exclusively with his works.
Immediately after the wedding, Albrecht left the young spouse, having left in Italy. He remained emotional in relation to his wife the whole joint life. Durer received recognition, acquired the status and position in society, but never reached agreement with Agnes. Union did not bring offspring.
Death
After the death of Maximillian I in 1520, the payment of the Dürer premium stopped. He took a trip to clarify the circumstances and, being in the Netherlands, fell ill.
Biographers suggest that the artist struck malaria. The attacks of the ailment tormented the painter until the last days. After 8 years, April 6, 1528, the painter died in his native Nuremberg.
Work
- 1490 - "Portrait of the Father"
- 1490-1493 - "The wonderful salvation of a drowned boy from Bregensey"
- 1493 - "CE, Man"
- 1496 - "Porterf Friedrich III Wise"
- 1496 - "Saint Jerome in the Desert"
- 1497 - "Four witches"
- 1498 - "Apocalypse"
- 1500 - "Self-portrait in clothing, finished fur"
- 1504 - "worship of the Magi"
- 1507 - "Adam and Eve"
- 1506 - "Holiday wreaths from roses"
- 1510 - "The Assumption of the Virgin"
- 1511 - "Worship of the Holy Trinity"
- 1514 - "Melancholy"
- 1528 - "Hare"