Biography
Eugene Delacroix - French Romance Artist of the beginning of the 19th century. As a painter and monumentalist, he used expressive handcraft techniques, studied the optical effects of color, having a deep influence on the work of impressionists, and his passion for exotic inspired symbolist artists. Beautiful lithograph, Delacroix illustrated various works of William Shakespeare, Walter Scott and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The main collection of painter paintings is now in Louvre.Childhood and youth
Ferdinan Victor Eugene Delacroix was born on April 26, 1798 in the suburb of Paris - Charenton-Saint-Maurice region Il de France. His mother Victoria was a daughter of the firewear of Jean-Francois Robin. He had three senior brothers and sisters. Karl-Henri Delakrua reached the general in the Napoleonic army. Henrietta married Rammond de Lenina Saint Mora's diplomat. Henri was killed in the battle of Friedland on June 14, 1807.
There is reason to believe that the Father Charles Francois Delacroix was not the true ancestor of the future artist. Charles Talleyran, Foreign Minister of Foreign Affairs at Napoleon, who was a friend of a family and which adult enjoyed the appearance of appearance and character, considered himself his real parent. Charles Delacroix died in 1805, and Victoria - in 1814, leaving the 16-year-old son orphan.
Aza Education The boy received in the Louis of Louis of the Great in Paris, and then in the Lyceum of Pierre Cornell in Ruang, there he showed a tendency to literature and painting, received awards in these areas.
In 1815, after the death of the mother, Ezhen took the rich family of relatives to the upbringing. Delacroix decided to devote himself to painting and entered the student in the workshop of Pierre-Narcissa Geren, and then in 1816 to the school of fine arts.
The disciples wrote a lot from nature, improving the drawing technique, visited museums, most often the Louvre. There, the young artist got acquainted with Theodore Zhriko, a talented novice painter who influenced his work. Works of eminent masters admired Ezhen, he was fascinated by the canvas of Goya, Rubens and Titian.
Painting
The first major picture of Delacroix "Ladia Dante", written under the influence of the "bad jellyfish" Zhriko, society did not appreciate, but with the assistance of Talleyran, it was purchased by the state for Luxembourg galleries.
Success came to the artist after the demonstration in the salon "Rabby on Chios" in 1824. The picture shows a terrible scene of the death of the Greek people in the war for independence, supported by English, Russian and French governments. Delacroix was quickly recognized by the authorities the leading painter in a new romantic style, and the picture bought the state.
His image of suffering was controversial. Many critics regretted the desperate tone of the painting, the artist Antoine-Jean Gros called her "Massacre of Art." Pafos in the image of the baby, compressing the breast of the dead mother, had a particularly powerful effect, although critics condemned this item as unsuitable for art.
Soon Delacroix created the second picture on the theme of the Greco-Turkish War - the seizure of the city of Missolong Turkish troops. "Greece on the ruins of Missolong" was distinguished by the restraint of the palette. The artist portrayed a woman in a greek costume with nude, hands, half raised in a begging gesture in front of a terrible scene: the suicide of the Greeks, who decided to die and destroy their city, but not to surrender to the Turks.
The picture served as the monument to the people of Missolong and the idea of freedom, the struggle against tyranny rule. The artist turned to these events not only because of his sympathies to Ellinas, but also because at this time the poet George Gordon Byron died in Greece, with which Delacroix sincerely admired.
A trip to England in 1825, meeting with young artists Thomas Lawrence and Richard Bonington, the color and manner of writing English painting gave impetus to writing works of different genres in the spirit of romanticism.
This direction in art, for whom the image of strong characters and passions, spiritualized personalities and the healing nature, was interested in Ezhen for more than 30 years. In addition, he produced lithographs illustrating Shakespeare and Faust Goethe. Upon returning to the Motherland, the "Gosar's fight with Hassan" and "Woman with a parrot" were written.
In 1828, the Sardanapal Death of Sardanapala was put in the cabin. The artist depicted a besieged king, no punishly observing how guards fulfill his orders to kill servants, concubines and animals. The literary source of work was the play of Bairon. Critics called the picture of a terrible fantasy of death and lust.
Especially they were struggling the struggle of a naked woman, whose throat is about to be cut, located in the foreground for maximum impact. Sensual beauty and exotic compositions of the composition made a picture at the same time pleasant and shocking.
Perhaps the most famous work of Delacroix appeared in 1830. "Freedom, the leading people" - a canvas, marked the transition from a romantic style to neoclassical.
The artist felt the composition as a whole, simultaneously thought about every figure in the crowd as a type. Dead warriors lying in the foreground, acutely emphasized the symbolic female figure with a tricolor banner, personifying freedom, equality and fraternity, solemnly illuminated, as if in the light of the searchlights.
Instead of glorifying the actual event, the revolution of 1830, Delacroix wanted to transfer the will and character of the people, cause the romantic image of the spirit of freedom. Interesting the fact that a boy holding a gun on the right is sometimes considered an inspiration for a gavrosha character in the novel Victor Hugo "Rejected".
Although the French government bought a picture, officials found it dangerous and removed from the field of vision of the public. Nevertheless, the artist still received many state orders for frescoes and ceiling paintings. After the revolution of 1848, which led to the end of the rule of the king Louis Philippe, "Freedom, the leading people" was, was finally exposed to visit Napoleon III in Louvre.
In 1832, Delacroix went to Morocco as part of a diplomatic mission. He wanted to escape from the Civilization of Paris in the hope of seeing more primitive culture. During the trip, the painter created more than 100 paintings and drawings, scenes from the life of the peoples of North Africa. Delacroix believed that the inhabitants of this region in their robe are similar to people of classical Rome and Greece:
"The Greeks and Romans are here, at my door, in the Arabs that are wrapped in a white blanket and look like a Caton or Brut."The artist managed to secretly draw some of the eastern women ("Algerian women in their rest"), but he faced difficulties in finding Muslim university. While in Tangier, Delacroix made many sketches of people and cities, animals. On their basis, at the end of his life, the painter created the paintings "Arab Horses," "Lviv Hunting in Morocco" (several versions written between 1856 and 1861), "Moroccan, sadding horse".
Delacroix Dragged inspiration from many sources: Literary works of William Shakespeare and Lord Bairon, the skill of Rubens and Michelangelo. But from the beginning to the end of his life, he needed music. From the sad sketches of Chopin or "pastoral" plays of Beethoven, the artist received the most emotions. At some point in the life of the Delacroix made friends with Chopin and wrote portraits of the composer and his chosen, writer Georges Sand.
During his life, the painter created several paintings on the biblical plots: "Crucifixion", the "swinging sinner", "Christ on the Genisaret Lake," Jesus on the Cross. "
Since 1833, the artist received orders for registration of public buildings in Paris. For 10 years, he wrote paintings in the library at the Bourbon Palace and the Luxembourg Palace. In 1843, Delacroix decorated the church of the Holy Communion of Big Pieta, and from 1848 to 1850 he painted the ceiling in the Apollo Gallery in the Louvre. From 1857 to 1861, he worked on the frescoes of the Angels Chapel in Saint-Sulpis church in Paris.
Personal life
According to official information, Delacroix was not married. However, he was passionately in love with Juliette de Lavallett, the wife of Tony de Poryu, the relative of the Empress Josephine.
When this connection began, it is unknown, an Ezhen letter to the beloved, dated November 23, 1833, has been preserved. At this time, Juliette broke up with his spouse and lived with her mother in Paris. Their novel soon converts into tender friendships, launched to the death of the artist.
During work in the Bourbon Palace of Delacroix, there was a long friendship with the artist Marie-Elizabeth Blavoy Blaunge, the details of their relationship - a white spot in both biographies.
One of the reasons for the celibacy of the painter researchers consider the fact that he did not like children. For him, the child was the embodiment of dirty hands, spoiling canvas, noise distracting from work.
Delacroix lived in Paris, and since 1844 he acquired a small cottage in the north of France, where he loved to relax in the countryside. From 1834 to death, Zhanna-Marie Le Guillau, who zealously guarded his personal life, conscientiously cared for him.
Death
Tedious work on frescoes undermined the health of Delacroix. In the winter of 1862-1863, he suffered from severe throat infection, which caused death.
On June 1, 1863, he turned to his doctor in Paris. After 2 weeks it became better, and he returned to his house outside the city. But by July 15, the state worsened, and the invited doctor said that nothing could do anything else for him. By that time the only food that the artist eating was fruit.
Delacroix understood the seriousness of his condition and wrote a testament, each of his friends was a gift. Trusted housekeeper, Jenny Le Guillau, he left enough money to live. Then he ordered everything in his studio. The last will of Ezhen was a ban on any of his image,
"Be it a posthumous mask, drawing or picture."On August 13, 1863, the artist died in Paris, in the house where his museum is currently located. The grave of Delacroix is located on the Cemetery of Per Lashez.
Paintings
- 1822 - "Lady Dante"
- 1824 - "Massanie on Chios"
- 1826 - "Greece on the ruins of Missolong"
- 1827 - "Death of Sardanapal"
- 1830 - "Freedom, leading people" ("Freedom on the barricades")
- 1832 - "Avtopratret"
- 1834 - "Algerian women in their rest"
- 1835 - "Gyara's fight with Hassan"
- 1838 - "Portrait of Friederik Chopin"
- 1847 - "Abduction of Rebecca"
- 1853 - "Christ on the Cross"
- 1860 - "The fight of Arab horses in the stable"