Biography
Hermanw Wilhelm Gering - Political and Military Leader, Adolf Hitler's associate, one of the most influential figures in the German party of nationalists, standing at the origins of Gestapo, one of the richest people of fascist Germany. Veteran of the First World War, the pilot, Commander-in-Chief of Luftwaffe, received the title of Reichs Marshal, who gave seniority over all employees of the Armed Forces of Germany.Childhood and youth
Herman Wilhelm Gering was born on January 12, 1893 in Rosenheim. His father Heinrich Ernst Gering, a former cavalry officer, - the first Governor-General of German Protectorate in South-West Africa. Herman was the fourth of five children, from the second wife of Henry, the Bavarian peasant of Francisky Tifenbrunn. Before the advent of the baby, the Gering Sr. was Consul to Haiti. Mother returned to Bavaria briefly to resolve from the burden. She left the baby with her friend and did not see her son for 3 years.
In Germany, the family lived in the house of Hermann von Epstein, the Jewish of German origin, the godfather of Goring Jr., Lover Franciset. Since childhood, Herman was interested in a military career, he played with the soldiers and changed in the old Father's shape. At 11 years old, the boy was sent to the boarding school with a tough discipline, he escaped from there and pretended to be patients until the parents were allowed not to return to the educational institution.
At 16, Gering was sent to the Military Academy of Lighterfeld in Berlin, which he graduated with honors. Having received an education in 1912, the young man who has achieved 178 cm growth joined the Prussian Infantry Regiment of Wilhelm Kronprint.
At the beginning of World War I, Gering filed a petition for transfer to the Arms Forces of the German Empire. He was appointed to the FFA 25 team in the 5th Army of the Crown Prince. For the reconnaissance and punitive operations of the young pilot, the Iron Cross of the 1st degree was honored.
Goering passed the way from the observer to the commander of the flight squadron. He showed himself a real Ass fighter, knocking down, according to various sources, from 17 to 22 enemy aircraft. The first world war Herman finished in the rank of captain. After the war, Goering remained in aviation, served private flights for Danish and Swedish companies. In 1922, he became a University Munich Student at the Faculty of Political Science.
Political activity
In 1922, in the biography of Goring was a turning point, he joined the Nazi Party. After a year, Hitler appointed a young college with the founder and commander assault detachments (CA). A year later, the former pilot participated in an unsuccessful coup known as "beer coup". Goering, together with the ideological leader of the Nazis, headed the column in the military ministry, and was wounded in his leg. Many participants in that march were arrested, the rest were announced wanted.
The SA commander returned to Germany after an order of amnesty in 1927 and resumed work in the aviation industry. At this time, the NSDAP was in the period of restructuring and waiting. At the elections in May 1928, the Nazis had 12 seats from 491 in Reichstag, Goering became a representative of Bavaria.
The Great Depression led to a catastrophic decline in the German economy, and the vote in July 1932 provided the Nazis most (230) places in the lower house of parliament. German Gering was elected to the presidency. February 27, 1933 there was arson of Reichstag. Responsibility for the fire took over the communist Marinus van der Lyubbie. Goering immediately called for repression against the members of his party, the arrests followed the execution of the delayed detainees.
In 1933, when Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, Gering became Minister of Internal Affairs of Prussia and Reikhomissar Aviation. He created the Prussian Police of the Gestapo and the elite tank division, called "Herman Gering". In the summer of 1934, the President of Reichstag sentenced 85 CA members who participated in an attempt to the state coup. Illegal murders occurred in the "night of long knives", which was launched from June 30 to July 2.
Since 1933, despite the Versailles Agreement, the formation of German Air Force began. In 1935, the existence of Luftwaffe was officially recognized, Goering became the Minister of Aviation Reich. At a meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers in September 1936, Goering and Hitler decided to accelerate the German re-equipment program. On October 18, Adolf Hitler appointed Goering by the Plenipotentiary Representative of the 4-year plan to fulfill this task, for the implementation of which the Financial and Industrial Corporation Reikster German Gering was created.
Although in the late 1930s, the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs of Germany held a Joachim von Ribbentrop, Goering led negotiations with other states. He contacted the British government to discuss the intentions of the Nazis regarding Czechoslovakia. Thanks to the preparatory work done by Goering,
On September 29, 1938, it was possible to sign the Munich Agreement, according to which Germany received control over the Sudetening Earth, and in March 1939, the Government of Czechoslovakia recognized the German occupation of the rest of its territory. On September 1, 1939, the Germans invaded the territory of Poland, the Second World War began. On the same day, Hitler appointed Gketa with his successor as a fuhrer of all Germany.
With the help of Luftwaffe at the beginning of the war, the Nazis won a lot of victories. After the fall of France, Hitler awarded Goering with a big cross of the Iron Cross and raised to the title of Reichs Marshal, which made him senior Field Marshal in the army and the most high-ranking soldier of Germany until the end of the war.
Goering hoped that the successful operation in the air would be enough to conquer the world, but he became mistaken. The Operation of Luftwaffe in the UK failed, the initial advantage over the aviation of the Soviet Union went to no. By 1943, the reputation of Rakhsmarshal Germany shaken. Luftwaffe suffered from losses of combat units and crews. Hitler began to remove his successor from participating in conferences, but he continued to take high posts.
Having lost the confidence of the Fuhrer, Goering began to spend more time in his luxurious residences, devoting himself to collecting art objects, most of which belonged to looted museums of different countries and the Jewish victims of the Holocaust. After the detection of the Treasure, the Treasures of the Luftwaffe Commander, it turned out that many paintings were fakes, in particular, the portraits of the Vermeer belonged to the brushes of the Dutch artist Khan Van Megerene.
Another passion for the flight minister was an orchids that he bred in his orangene. An interesting fact is that some copies are now in the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
As the Soviet army approaches Berlin, Hitler's attempt to organize the defenses of the city became more and more meaningless and vain. After his birthday, April 20, 1945, many Nazis, including Goering, went on vacation and left the dangerous city.
On April 22, 1945, Führer officially recognized that he lost to the war, and stated his intention to stay in Berlin and commit suicide. Being a successor to German Chancellor, Gering was in a dual situation. On the one hand, he was afraid of sentencing for treason when trying to capture power, on the other hand, the consequence of inaction could be accusing to debt non-performance.
Re-reading the decree on the inheritance of authority and having consisted with Karl Coller and Gansa Lammers, Reichs Marshal decided that, remaining in Berlin, Hitler deprived himself, and Goering is obliged to take her in their hands. The Luftwaffe commander sent a telegram to Führeru, in which he requested permission to accept the command of Germany as a deputy chancellor.
Message intercepted Martin Borman, who convinced Hitler in the treachercy of Geering. In response, the Führer told Reichs Marshal, which, if he immediately leaves all posts, will be executed for state treason. Soon after, Gering was removed from all the positions occupied and placed under house arrest.
Borman announced the radio that ReichSminster left the service for health state. In his will, Hitler reported the exile of Goering from the party and cancel the declaration of appointing it to his successor. From the conclusion of Reichs Marshal, they were released 4 days before the capture of the German capital by Soviet troops. On May 6, 1945, Goering surrendered to the Americans.
Personal life
On February 3, 1922, Gering was married to the daughter-in-law of his employer - Count Eric von Rosen. Baroness Karin von Kantans divorced her first husband for the sake of the young Captain Aviation. By the time of the wedding she had a 8-year-old son. At first, the family lived in Bavaria, in the hunting house in the Alps, then moved to Munich.
After injury and operation, Goering became a drug addict. In September 1925 he was placed in a psychiatric hospital. Because of the attacks of the patient's aggression, held in a strait shirt. With the first wife, the successor Hitler lived for 9 years. On October 17, 1931, Karin, suffering from epilepsy and tuberculosis, died of heart failure.
In the early 1930s, Emmy Zonenmann, an actress from Hamburg, who became Frau Gering on April 10, 1935 appeared in the personal life of Geering. The wedding was celebrated in Berlin with a huge scope, Hitler witnessed the groom. The only child of Geering, daughter Edda, was born on June 2, 1938.
Nuremberg process
Goering was the second largest Nazi official convicted in Nuremberg. He was accused of a conspiracy, jurisdiction of aggressive war, war crimes, including robbery and export of works of art and other property, and crimes against humanity: cruel treatment of prisoners of war, killing civilians.
Without the right to speak with a lengthy statement, Gering said that he "in the meaning of the indictment is innocent." During the trial, the accusation has repeatedly shown documentary films about concentration camps and other atrocities.
According to the results of the Nuremberg process, Gering was recognized as guilty of all crimes and sentenced to the death penalty on the gallows. Former Reichs Marshal filed an appeal with a request to shoot him as a soldier, and not to hang as an ordinary criminal, but the court refused.
Death
Geering contained in a single chamber. On the night before execution, October 15, 1946, he committed suicide. The cause of death was cyanide.
Until now, there are many versions of how Hitler receiver got poison. Preserved posthumous photo of Goering in prison.
Goering's body cremated together with the corpses of hanged criminals in Munich, the dust was secretly dispelled on the banks of the Izar River.
Titles and awards
- August 30, 1933 - General Infantry
- May 21, 1935 - General Aviation
- April 20, 1936 - Colonel-General Aviation
- February 4, 1938 - General Field Marshal Aviation
- July 19, 1940 - Reich Marshal of the German Reich
- "Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross"
- "Big Cross of the Iron Cross"
- "Order of blood"
- "Order Michae Brave"
- Danzigsky Cross
- "Order of the Rising Sun"
- "Order of the Crown Italy"