Biography
Ivan Moskvitin - Ataman of Hidden Cossacks, the landowner, the first to the coast of the Okhotsk Sea. This is a person whose personality is still practically nothing known.
What was the biography of the Russian land researcher - unknown. Ivan Moskvitin arises in documentary evidence only in 1626, already an adult man. Historians suggest that Moskvitin was born around 1600.
Who were his parents and where the little Ivan was grew - you can only guess. One of these guesses is that a man is a leaving from Moscow or close to the city of settlements. This version is based on the fact that in those days people often received surnames according to toponyms of the place of residence.
Travel and opening
Mature years of Moskvitina fell on the era of research by the Russian people of the territories of Siberia and the Far East. One of the stimulus of traveling to the harsh edges at the time was rumors about the mythical warmth of the sea.
Being the Tomsk Cossack and, probably, in the rank of the foreman, Ivan in 1635, under the start of Ataman, Dmitry Epifanovich Kopylova spoke to Yakutsk. After 3 years, Butal Ostrode was founded by Kopylov. Its accurate location is unknown: according to different sources, Ostrog himself was located either on the Aldan River, or at the mouth of her tributary, MAI.
In 1939, the landlocked detachment of 39 people advanced in the direction of the Lamsk Sea. Ivan Moskvin appointed the head of the copilov, Evenkie conductions were accompanied as supporting the group. Information about the expedition exist mainly due to another member of the detachment - the Yakut Cossack is not good to Ivanovich Kolobov. His "Fairy Tale" about the campaign with Moskvitin is an important evidence of the history of research of the Sea of Okhotsk.
According to May Cossacks, the cloves were descended for a long time, and Ivan thoroughly listed in the records all the significant river inflows. After 6 weeks, travelers got to the river Nyudi and changed the means of movement. If before that the Cossacks traveled on the dothers, it was decided to make stops here.
At them, the landlocks rose to the origins of Nyudi, where they opened the Ridge Jugjur and, throwing Strugs, moved through it on foot. Quickly overcoming the ridge, the Cossacks built a new column and the next 8 days went down on it to waterfalls. And the vessel again had to quit - to avoid unnecessary losses, travelers overcame the dangerous part of the path on foot.
Further path lying on the water: a squad of Moskvitina built Bidar - this vessel could accommodate more people than a row. Power of the Cossacks at this time preferably consisted of foot feed, but the river banks with food became easier - the opportunity to fish appeared.
By August, 1639, the Cossack detachment reached the Lamsk (now - Okhotsk) of the sea. The speed of movement was amazing - the path of unknown territories was 2 months, taking into account the privals and the time required for the construction of boats.
Winter decided on the river ulle. The local population told Moskvitin about the presence of another river in the north, along which there lives a lot, on these standards, people. Ivan Yuryevich decided not to slow down with the study until the end of winter and in October sent a group of 20 people in search of the river. After 3 days of travel, the Cossacks climb found the river that received the name from them the hunt. To the hunt for animals, this word does not have a relationship - just so Moskvina people converted the Evenki "Akat" - River.
Hunting to the sea, men moved to the east and explored more than 500 km of the northern coast of the Okhotsk Sea. However, it became clear that there was nothing to do in the river vessel in the sea waters - it was necessary to return to the wintering and engaged in the construction of the nomads - one-lubricane ships that could go both under the sail and on the messengers.
During the wintering time, one of the locals told Ivan Yuryevich about a certain Mamur River (later who became Cupid), the mouth and islands of which are inhabited by others. Having waited for spring, the squad of Moskvitin, together with the Evencher, the conductor came out into the sea, holding a course to the south. The route of the seurrets passed along the western coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, then the Cossacks reached the Uda lip and the mouth of the Uda River, and then reached the Sakhalin Bay.
Local residents of the Ussa Ussa expanded the knowledge of Ivan Yuryevich about the "Mamur River" and her tributaries, as well as about the peoples living in this area. The inhabitants of Amur keepers kept the courtyards, scored cattle and bird and the economy was generally familiar to travelers.
When the landlocks reached the western coast of the Sakhalin Bay, the conductor threw a detachment, but it did not stop the Cossacks, and they went further along the coast. Obviously, in the journey, men saw the islands of Amur Liman and part of Sakhalin Island. But to reach the mouth of the Amur could not - the food began to miss, and people began to torment the hunger.
Autumn brought with him stormy weather, and by November, the squad of Moskvitin got up in the winter of the mouth of Alda. Having waited for spring, the Cossacks re-crossed Jugjur, got out to May and they returned to Yakutsk to the middle of the summer.
By the time, the expedition lasted about 2 years. According to the information provided by the Cossack Kolobov, a lot of fish is found in the study area, as well as sable whose skins are highly valued. The Yakut authorities, attening the results of the journey, produced Moskvin in Pentecostal, and the members of the detachment pressed the money and cuts of Sukna.
In 1645, Moskvitin and Ataman Kopylov reported to the prince of Osipu Shcherbatov on the preparation of the Cossack campaign on Cupid, but these plans were not progressing because of the campaign of Vasily Pogarkov. Ivan Yurevich was a little later sent to Moscow, where he again told about the expedition to the Sea of the sea and its results. In the 1647th, a man returned to Tomsk already in the rank of Ataman's hiking Cossacks.
In the recommendations on the further development of the region, Ivan Yuryevich advised to send at least 1 thousand well-armed people to new lands.
Information about the local geography provided by Moskvitin, later, in the 1640s, helped Ivanov to draw up a map of the Far East. Thus, it is difficult to overestimate the contribution of the Moskvin's campaign to the Okhotsk Sea: Thanks to the opening of Chartarka Islands and Uda Lips, and also collected information about the local population of Amur.
Personal life and death
After the appointment of Moskvina Ataman traces of the researcher are lost. Historians are unknown details of his personal life - whether the man had a wife and children, as and where the Cossack finished life. Presumably, Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin died in 1671, but neither circumstances nor the cause of death are known.